How Deradicalization Impacts Terrorist Groups

How Deradicalization Impacts Terrorist GroupsHow can the watchword society routine deradicalizationto regard the effectiveness of al-Jihad?The science participation is vital to construction cohesive infrastructure and sedate societies. A deradicalization plan via a kind of grammatical constituents described herein centerfield on ideological and spiritual precept that ch bothenge the effectiveness of al-Jihad. Groups that irritate a substantive threat embarrass Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS), Al-Shabaab, al-Jihad, and the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC). al-Jihad is fantastic in that they ar wiz of the most well originateed well-disposed and community halted networks, and an authorized member of an organized government, i.e., Lebanese regime via overwhelming/evolved success as a global terrorist or Shia defense organization and ulterior political power in the Lebanese policy-making governance by means of its use of well-disposed usefu lnesss (Love, 2010, p. 1).Leveraging a deradicalization weapons platform is just now cardinal of several innovative approaches to counterterrorism. al-Jihad is a well-funded terrorist network makeed on complaisant services. Impacting Hezbollah requires a multi-pronged approach. The Joint superfluous Operations University tarradiddle (2010) posits,Hezbollahs organizational structure, financial backing originations, and social service achievements deliver the goods a systemic understanding of how the organization morphed from a resistance ordure into a stateless government that leverages charity to disturb the needs of the neglected, oppressed, and marginalized. (p. 14)The intelligencecommunity essential recognize the reasons for radicalization while simultaneouslyidentifying requisite funding sources before executing a deradicalizationprogram. A diplomatical approach depends onpreemptive intelligence gathering, the rule of law, cooperation with the media,and promotion of house servant security (Munoz & Crosston, 2015, p. 24).The collins Dictionary defines deradicalization as the practice of encouraging psyches with extreme and violent spectral or political ideologies to adopt views that are more moderate (n.d.). Johnston (2009) found key distinctions between disengagement and deradicalization.Disengagementoccurs when an individual or a group no longer engages in military force or theindividual no longer participates in the violent activities of the group. Deradicalization occurs when a group or anindividual no longer believes in a violent ideology. (p. 9) sagaciousness andappreciating the differences between disengagement and deradicalization is one(a)-step towards the intelligence community deradicalizing Hezbollah.Deradicalization in prisons is one of onlya few methods or techniques credibly capable of reversing the Hezbollah radicalization mould. Diplomacy in conjunction withderadicalization may effectively counteract Hezbollahs eng agement with theLebanese Government. Regardless of approach,a prosperous deradicalization program consists of counselors, legal scholars,law enforcement officers, and members of the intelligence community. Establishing success is not easy thither is noone size fits all as political context of use situates each program.The majority of individual deradicalizationprograms reside in prisons and include a holistic multi-agency approach. Intelligence gathering, education, family aid, and led by social services are the four common pillars that bet on asuccessful deradicalization program. fit into equipment casualty (2017), Deradicalization programs at a minimum consist of learn counselors capable of convince extremists that terrorist activity is unfounded in a spectralcontext.Convince extremists that their individualviews are unfounded in a religious context.Treat extremists psychicalhealth.Extract extremists valuesystem as a form of violence.Hezbollah, similar to new(prenominal) g roups, appealsto educated and non-educated vacant individuals. This vulnerability causes individuals to identifywith radical ideology. Deradicalizationincludes vocational training, religious counseling, psychological counseling,or creative art therapy. Vocationaltraining is an element leveraged for incarcerated individuals to provide a pathforward following release. Theeducational taper could vary and dominate ideological specificity. Although education would only be a portion ofa full deradicalization program, as a fundamental program principle, programscan be successful.Credible wise mans antecedently radicalizedliaise with prisoners through with(predicate) with(predicate)out their incarceration. Mentors bring a ringing with prisoners,as prisons are ideal locations for the implementation of deradicalizationprograms overdue to the measures of control in a prison setting (Johnston, 2009,p. 1). The established family relationshipbetween mentor and prisoner allows incarcerate d individuals to be honest andcommunicate their religious or political beliefs. Open communication is necessary forderadicalization to occur, as irons becomes a cellular phone that facilitatesradicalization.Hezbollah holds 14 seats in the LebaneseParliament, providing Hezbollah with significant international legitimacy(Philippone, 2008). Hezbollahs enormoussocial service effort consistently outperforms the Lebanese governments socialprograms. As such, focus shifts towardscommitment and sustainment of an individuals success via ones family and jobbeyond release. The intelligence communityand collaborative partners support for family members care for incarcerated individualshelp increase inclusion, thus deterring individuals from go to theterrorist organization to converge previous needs.As an example, the Official Irish republicanArmy previously leveraged discretion via building a nonviolent and class-based compact between Protestant and Catholic working classes in Northern Ire land to step down partition (Henriksen, 2008, p. 23).If diplomacy is unsuccessful, APractitioners Way preceding describes bow and impact of overt publicpatron-client relationships, i.e., Iran supplies Hezbollah with funds, weapons,and the status that comes with the baronial recognition by a powerful state. Hezbollah reciprocates through its committalto Irans state ideology, and its public support for Iranian policy objectives,which extends capital of Irans influence into the Levant (Brannan, Darken, &Strindberg, 2014, p. 75).While material inducements like trimprison sentence, housing, vehicles, and so forth are appealing, deradicalizationprograms that rely predominantly on these inducements are the leastsuccessful. According to a Global Counterterrorism Forum memorandum,although terrorists should be appropriately punished, the criminal juristsystem should provide for their deradicalization and reintegration intosociety (n.d., p. 2).A deradicalization process cannot follow ase t script, nor can it be the same for all individuals going through it. Success depends on the availability ofadequate funding, repossess within the prison structure, incorporation of culturalnorms, provision of monetary support to families of detainees, and followthrough with subsequently-care programs (Johnston, 2009, p. 61). This approach consists of arehabilitation-focused deradicalization.An effective deradicalization program forHezbollah incorporates aforementioned elements before, during, and afterincarceration for societal integration. Sucha diplomatic method builds on victories achieved over the short, medium, andlong-term, designed to wear down the disassemble of the enemy and to develop fullyfunctional societies with an actively included the great unwashed (Munoz, 2015, p.24). Deradicalization programs must be uniqueto a groups strengths and weakness, and the intelligence community must beable to adapt and make changes as necessary to impede recidivism.ReferencesBranna n,D.,Darken,K., & Strindberg,A. (2014). A practitioners wayforward. Salinas, CA Agile Press. comment of deradicalization.(n.d.). Retrieved April 13, 2018, from https//www.collins vocabulary.com/us/dictionary/english/deradicalizationGlobal Counterterrorism Forum.(n.d.). Retrieved on April 14, 2018, from https//www.thegctf.org/Portals/1/Documents/ modelling%20Documents/A/GCTF-Rome-Memorandum-ENG.pdfHenriksen, T. (2008). What actuallyHappened in Northern Irelands Counterinsurgency order Revelation. Joint superfluous Operations University Report.Retrieved from https//www.hsdl.org/?view&did=692814Johnston, A. (2009).Assessing the effectiveness of deradicalization programs on islamistextremists. (Masters thesis). Naval graduate student School, Monterey, CA.Retrieved from https//www.hsdl.org/?view&did=29447Love, J. (2010, June). HezbollahSocial services as a source of power. Joint Special Operations UniversityReport. Retrieved from https//www.globalsecurity.org/military/ library/report /2010/1006_jsou-report-10-5.pdfMunoz, M. J., & Crosston, M.(2015). diplomatical Counterterrorist Deterrence. Air & Space PowerJournal, 29(4), 15-26. Retrieved from http//www.airuniversity.af.mil/Portals/10/ASPJ/journals/Volume-29_Issue-4/F-Munzo_Crosston.pdfPhilippone,D. (2008). Hezbollah The network andits support systems. (Masters thesis). Naval Postgraduate School,Monterey, CA. Retrieved from http//www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA483483Price, M. (2017, May 26). Can terrorists be deradicalized. Science.Retrieved from http//www.sciencemag.org/news/2017/05/can-terrorists-be-deradicalized Students who reviewed my DRAFT includeAlly ArtsKarl BeckettBrianna Goode to impact the effectiveness of Hezbollah?The intelligence community is vital to building cohesive infrastructure and peaceful societies.A deradicalization program via a mixture of elements described herein center on ideological and religious education that challenge the effectiveness of Hezbollah.Groups that pose a significant t hreat include Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS), Al-Shabaab, Hezbollah, and the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC).Hezbollah is unique in that they are one of the most well developed social and community supported networks, and an official member of an organized government, i.e., Lebanese Government via overwhelming/evolved success as a global terrorist or Shia defense organization and subsequent political power in the Lebanese political system through its use of social services (Love, 2010, p. 1).Leveraging a deradicalization program is simply one of several innovative approaches to counterterrorism.Hezbollah is a well-funded terrorist network founded on social services.Impacting Hezbollah requires a multi-pronged approach.The Joint Special Operations University Report (2010) states,Hezbollahs organizational structure, funding sources, and social service achievements provide a systemic understanding of how the organization morphed from a resistance movement into a s tateless government that leverages charity to meet the needs of the neglected, oppressed, and marginalized. (p. 14)The intelligence community must recognize the reasons for radicalization while simultaneously identifying requisite funding sources before executing a deradicalization program.A diplomatic approach depends on preemptive intelligence gathering, the rule of law, cooperation with the media, and promotion of domestic security (Munoz & Crosston, 2015, p. 24).The Collins Dictionary defines deradicalization as the practice of encouraging individuals with extreme and violent religious or political ideologies to adopt views that are more moderate (n.d.).Johnston (2009) found key distinctions between disengagement and deradicalization.Disengagement occurs when an individual or a group no longer engages in violence or the individual no longer participates in the violent activities of the group.Deradicalization occurs when a group or an individual no longer believes in a violent id eology. (p. 9)Understanding andappreciating the differences between disengagement and deradicalization isone-step towards the intelligence community deradicalizing Hezbollah.Deradicalization in prisons is one of only a few methods or techniques likely capable of reversing the Hezbollah radicalization process.Diplomacy in conjunction with deradicalization may effectively counteract Hezbollahs engagement with the Lebanese Government.Regardless of approach, a successful deradicalization program consists of counselors, legal scholars, law enforcement officers, and members of the intelligence community.Establishing success is not easy there is no one size fits all as political context situates each program.The majority of individual deradicalization programs reside in prisons and include a holistic multi-agency approach.Intelligence gathering, education, family support, and led by social services are the four common pillars that support a successful deradicalization program.According to Price (2017), Deradicalization programs at a minimum consist ofTrained counselors capable ofconvincing extremists that terrorist activity is unfounded in a religiouscontext.Convince extremists that their individualviews are unfounded in a religious context.Treat extremists mentalhealth.Extract extremists valuesystem as a form of violence.Hezbollah, similar to other groups, appeals to educated and non-educated unemployed individuals.This vulnerability causes individuals to identify with radical ideology.Deradicalization includes vocational training, religious counseling, psychological counseling, or creative art therapy.Vocational training is an element leveraged for incarcerated individuals to provide a path forward following release.The educational focus could vary and harness ideological specificity.Although education would only be a portion of a full deradicalization program, as a fundamental program principle, programs can be successful.Credible mentors previously radicalized li aise with prisoners throughout their incarceration.Mentors establish a rapport with prisoners, as prisons are ideal locations for the implementation of deradicalization programs due to the measures of control in a prison setting (Johnston, 2009, p. 1).The established relationship between mentor and prisoner allows incarcerated individuals to be honest and communicate their religious or political beliefs.Open communication is necessary for deradicalization to occur, as imprisonment becomes a cell that facilitates radicalization.Hezbollah holds 14 seats in the Lebanese Parliament, providing Hezbollah with significant international legitimacy (Philippone, 2008).Hezbollahs enormous social service effort consistently outperforms the Lebanese governments social programs.As such, focus shifts towards commitment and sustainment of an individuals success via ones family and job beyond release.The intelligence community and collaborative partners support for family members care for incarcerat ed individuals help increase inclusion, thus deterring individuals from returning to the terrorist organization to fulfill previous needs.As an example, the Official Irish Republican Army previously leveraged diplomacy via building a nonviolent and class-based alliance between Protestant and Catholic working classes in Northern Ireland to undermine partition (Henriksen, 2008, p. 23).If diplomacy is unsuccessful, A Practitioners Way Forward describes influence and impact of overt public patron-client relationships, i.e., Iran supplies Hezbollah with funds, weapons, and the status that comes with the formal recognition by a powerful state.Hezbollah reciprocates through its allegiance to Irans state ideology, and its public support for Iranian policy objectives, which extends Tehrans influence into the Levant (Brannan, Darken, & Strindberg, 2014, p. 75).While material inducements like reduced prison sentence, housing, vehicles, etc. are appealing, deradicalization programs that rely pr edominantly on these inducements are the least successful. According to a Global Counterterrorism Forum memorandum, although terrorists should be appropriately punished, the criminal justice system should provide for their deradicalization and reintegration into society (n.d., p. 2).A deradicalization process cannot follow a set script, nor can it be the same for all individuals going through it.Success depends on the availability of adequate funding, reform within the prison structure, incorporation of cultural norms, provision of monetary support to families of detainees, and follow through with after-care programs (Johnston, 2009, p. 61).This approach consists of a rehabilitation-focused deradicalization.An effective deradicalization program for Hezbollah incorporates aforementioned elements before, during, and after incarceration for societal integration. Such a diplomatic method builds on victories achieved over the short, medium, and long-term, designed to wear down the resolv e of the enemy and to develop fully functional societies with an actively included citizenry (Munoz, 2015, p. 24).Deradicalization programs must be unique to a groups strengths and weakness, and the intelligence community must be able to adapt and make changes as necessary to prevent recidivism.ReferencesBrannan,D., Darken,K., & Strindberg,A. (2014). A practitioners way forward. Salinas, CA Agile Press.Definition of deradicalization. (n.d.). Retrieved April 13, 2018, from https//www.collinsdictionary.com/us/dictionary/english/deradicalizationGlobal Counterterrorism Forum. (n.d.). Retrieved on April 14, 2018, from https//www.thegctf.org/Portals/1/Documents/Framework%20Documents/A/GCTF-Rome-Memorandum-ENG.pdf Henriksen, T. (2008). What Really Happened in Northern Irelands Counterinsurgency Revision Revelation. Joint Special Operations University Report. Retrieved from https//www.hsdl.org/?view&did=692814Johnston, A. (2009). Assessing the effectiveness of deradicalization programs on i slamist extremists. (Masters thesis). Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA. Retrieved from https//www.hsdl.org/?view&did=29447 Love, J. (2010, June). Hezbollah Social services as a source of power. Joint Special Operations University Report. Retrieved from https//www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/report/2010/1006_jsou-report-10-5.pdf Munoz, M. J., & Crosston, M. (2015). Diplomatic Counterterrorist Deterrence. Air & Space Power Journal, 29(4), 15-26. Retrieved from http//www.airuniversity.af.mil/Portals/10/ASPJ/journals/Volume-29_Issue-4/F-Munzo_Crosston.pdf Philippone, D. (2008). Hezbollah The network and its support systems. (Masters thesis). Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA. Retrieved from http//www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA483483 Price, M. (2017, May 26). Can terrorists be deradicalized. Science. Retrieved from http//www.sciencemag.org/news/2017/05/can-terrorists-be-deradicalized