Defining Social work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Defining Social expire - Essay ExampleThey have to know how the law organizes and are fully up to further with the complaisant welfare system.(Department of Health)It is quite impossible for an individual social worker to be able to have-to doe with to every single person who comes into their practice. It is important however that they understand that their idea of what life is about is contrasting than what other people may think. This is the basis of understanding a practice that is multi-faceted and allow ins a variety of different pieces.Although there is a lot of literature on the subject of discrimination it doesnt always help the social worker understand what they need to do in many situations. Some of the components that are needed include1. An understanding of other cultures - the greatest understanding is that one culture is not the same as another. mountain from within a culture can also differ in their attitudes and thoughts and ways of being human.4. handling of all clients fairly regardless of race or ethnicity -- a good practice treats all clients fairly. humane nature does not allow all people to be treated exactly the same so what social workers can expect is that it will be within the framework of fairness.Social workers must work within this framework if they are to establish rapport with a client. If they do not approach a client in help they will have a poor result for the client. Clients are in a state of upheaval when they are working closely to get their needs met and life becomes exceedingly stressful if they do not have virtuallyone who they can relate to in a compulsory way.According to Ely and Denny (1987) discrimination goes along with what people experience who are disadvantaged. When an individual comes from poverty and lacks education and some of the opportunities that mainstream people have will automatically be placed in a position of discrimination. Because of this it creates problems for both(prenominal) the soc ial worker and the individual.

Yellow wall paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Yellow wall paper - Essay ExampleHe impulsively yelled at bloody shame asking her why she had to tear up the paint, and an argument picked up. Mary was surprised as to why removing paint picture from the wall could get the man so worked up and shaken to the extent of fainting. It did not take long before Jane came in the room, alarmed by the noise. She banged the gateway shouting while asking, May I know what is going on here? The two nevertheless gazed at her no one gave her an answer. She then turned to Mary whose eyes were already filled up with tears and was reluctant to answer but turned around her head and pointed at the tattered text file of the drawing.Little did Jane Marys sister in-law, started to resolve the situation than they heard Mary scream, My babyNo...No No, it cannot be, and blood was all overfilling the floor. Mary lost her infant, and she was so much in despair not well-educated what to do. John, who was astounded, came back into senses and immediately rushed to his wives rescue. He hastily called a taxi, sobbing and looking so confused. They belatedly took her outside the compound to meet the taxi, and after a short while, it was already there. John, being a doctor, he dummy up could not do anything. He was baffled and could not believe that it was a miscarriage, and he still had hopes that his baby was alive. After the doctor had checked up the wife, the terrible news was delivered Mary had lost the baby. The news report was too much for John to take, and he had to sit down on a bench at the hospital, tears undulating down the cheeks. Jane was left with nothing else to do, but comfort her brother. The narrator had to spend two nights in the hospital to receive further treatment, and her husband stood up with her, spending all day and night observation over for his beloved wife. It is at this moment that Mary realized that her husband truly loved her. At the same time, John thought of hoe he sometimes mistreated the

Explaining the writers idea and how it evolves Essay

Explaining the authors idea and how it evolves - Essay ExampleThe writers idea about the heart begins to evolve with description of a hummingbirds heart. Joyas Voladoras, hummingbirds, police van piece of tail beat so fast that they only live for only two years (Doyle web). Likewise, a humane being can burden his heart with so much issues that it burns out within a short while. The idea then evolves to a tortoise. Human being can decide to relax and express life easily and live long as a tortoise. Interestingly, his idea then evolves to blue whales. lamentable whales on the other hand have large hearts weighing more than seven gobs (Doyle web). Despite their large hearts, they live in couples. Human beings can decide to live like the whales. However, hearts can have many numbers of hearts just as different kinds of animals that we have on earth. Finally, the writers idea settles to the real mans heart. The heart has so much at stake that we too often shield it from the rest of the world (Doyle web). However, it will still break at some point. Possibly, the authors ultimate idea is that we should connect to our hearts so that we can distinguish when we are burning

Article response paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 5

Response paper - Article ExampleFurther, the article examines synonyms, as well as the exercise they play in education and particularly in language. Moreover, the article explores the wont of super-ordinates, especially their use in definitions. Another main point in the article includes the use of cosmopolitan words, especially with regard to how they relate with nouns. The article further explores how nouns endure be used when students wish to evoke to certain events, especially the events that could rent been mentioned in opus at the start. Personal Observations/Comments Reading this article capable me to significant ideas, which I had no prior knowledge ab reveal before I read it. From the article, I have managed to understand the analogyship that exists between coherence and cohesion. The article has helped me understand that cohesion is the product of coherence. At the same time, I have gained insights into the varying definitions of the two terms from the perspectives of various authors. From the arguments of the author, in the article, one can deduce that there exists lexical cohesion and grammatical cohesion, which have immense differences. I have learnt that textual cohesion can be verbalise to emanate from lexical cohesion. In addition, the article points out that lexical cohesion can be attained through linking several lexical terms, which tend to co-occur. The author assesses the role of repetition, especially in relation to the achievement of lexical cohesion in texts that are based on science. From the authors perspective on repetition, the use of a word endlessly cannot necessarily be termed as misusing the word. The article points out that the use of a word many times by the proofreader may have negative effects on the reader. From the text written by the Saudi talk terms user of English, it is evident that, because of the repetition of the words, the reader cannot understand what the writer meant. The text contains a lot of mistake s, which modify the comprehension of the entire writing and bring confusion to the reader (McGee, 2008, p.213). After reading the article, I have besides learnt about synonyms from the article, it is apparent that there exist huge differences between the various forms of synonyms. The article also asserts that synonyms can be used in varying contexts, which may either be positive or negative concepts. It is also evident that students should not use synonyms as key words while writing it is essential that students repeat the synonyms they use (McGee, 2008, p. 215). The article also highlights the use of super-ordinates in both writing and accomplishment of language. The author contends that super-ordinates can be used in definitions however, the author notes that there is little attention compensable to the broad and extensive use of super-ordinates. While writing, the use of super-ordinates tends to come later and they can be said to have little information than other words. The article outlines the use of general words, especially in relation to their use while students wish to refer to certain events or circumstances (McGee, 2008, p. 216). The article points out the withdraw for teachers and instructors to make students aware of the role played by lexical cohesion in bringing out textual cohesion. Text analysis can be done for several purposes with the main aim of help students

Strategic management analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Strategic guidance analysis - Essay ExampleThe Paper will also suggest several recommendations that will be deemed as helpful in improving the umber houses operations within the linked States market. A Brief History of Starbucks. Starbucks is an American global corporation that specializes in selling cocoa in its various coffee houses situated all over the world. Its main base of operations is currently at Seattle, Washington. The first Starbucks coffee shop opened its doors in the Seattle Springs bea of Washington in 1971 and the company has with child(p) to become the largest coffee house company in the world. It boasts of having about(predicate) 19,972 stores which are spread out in 60 countries across the globe. Most of the companys branches are currently located in the join States with an approximately 12,937 branches. ... Starbucks has also expanded its current investments into the entertainment industry and through its Starbucks Entertainment division as well as its hea r Music brand, it also markets films, books and music. Most of the companys product offerings are found to be not only seasonal but also specifically tailored particularly to satisfy the requirements of customers in the locality that the branch is located. Some of its branded products such as coffee and deoxyephedrine cream are sold in grocery stores all over the United States (Starbucks 2012). The United States Coffee House Market The Coffee Shop business and the entire coffee industry have had a significant boom over the recent years. This is especially so in the case of the specialty coffees offered by the industry. The market for these coffees has registered significant growth that has been spurred by the growing trend of the consumers becoming increasingly educated about the industrys espresso-based drinks as well as how they are made (Starbucks 2012). According to research entropy conducted by First Research, the United States is host to about 20,000 coffee shop businesses whose total combined revenue has been estimated to stand at $10 billion as of 2011. More than 50% of these sales have been seen to be generated by the countrys top 50 coffee shop operators. Most of the countys coffee shop operators have increasingly been spreading their business into the international market with Starbucks reporting to having set up shop in over 5,500 licensed locations outside the United States in 2010 (Green and Keegan 2012). The average gross brink for a single coffee shop in the country is

Real Estate Computing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Real Estate Computing - Essay ExampleBecause real soil is so war-ridden, not having a truehearted plan in place to accomplish these things will put in your business up for failure.There are m whatsoever aspects involved with closing real estate proceeding and a realtor must be able to rely on other professionals to work with them to accomplish their impersonal - which is to have smooth, successful closing. These professionals must know what they are doing, must be reliable as wellspring as utilize ethical business practices. Working with the right professionals will help to ensure that your influence upholds a good reputation so that clients as well as other real estate professionals will desire to do business with you.There are several methods that can be utilised to build your network of professionals and it will be advantageous for you to consider using a combination of the hobby examples Your local board of realtors, the National Association of Realtors, your local cham ber of commerce, online real estate forums such as ActiveRain.com, and networking organizations such as BNI or Leaders Business Network. These organizations will help you to identify the professionals that you are in search of and gain an assessment of their past performance which will allow you to seek out those with unharmed reputations.Establishing a loyal client base is the best way to ensure future business and dogged term success. Really, it is the best way to avoid the ups and downs and the unpredictable nature of the Real Estate manufacture (Stan, 2004). A detailed market campaign should be formulated, followed, and evaluated in order to accomplish this. This plan should embroil a variety of different methods that fit into your budget. Remember that real estate is a very competitive market, so your marketing efforts should be consistent and you should find a way that your agency can sustain out in the crowd. This can be done by coming up with a wily slogan or branding techniques. You really ask people to know that you are sincere and that you apprehension about their needs, in other words you are not just in this for the money. You will want to utilize a client data base program such as Outlook or Act and ensure that your data base is kept current and accurate. Your data base will be the lifeline of your business so you definitely want to make sure you back it upThe hand methods for building your client base are letting family and friends know what you are doing, target mailings to areas you may want to service, web sites, targeted Internet advertising, article marketing, opt-in email lists, print advertising and attend networking meetings. Building a solid client base takes time and you should not expect it to happen overnight. For example, you may need to do a mailing to a specific area for six months or more before you get any response. Networking is about building relationships, so dont expect to go to one networking or leads group meetin g and mountain pass out of there with a client - you need to show consistency and commitment. Remember, when you are developing your marketing plan you need to identify a way that you can stand out, be consistent,

Habermas Public Sphere-Market Forces or Political Forces and the Essay

Habermas Public Sphere-Market Forces or Political Forces and the disintegration of the Public Sphere - Essay ExampleAccording to the compilation of Gripsrud, Moe, Molander and Murdock (2010, p. XIV), Habermas concept of human race eye socket relates to the tender life of humans and how well they adjust in the society. Adjustments in the society, in this case, relates to an arena whereby the members of the society give the sack sum in and discuss the problems that affect them in the society. In the words of Habermas (1989, p. 30), it is this freedom of the public to suck varying opinions that the political action is shaped so as to fit the ideas of the public. The public playing field is one that explains that persons and groupings in the society have a right to assemble and deliberate issues that impact them in the course of their livelihood.On the other hand, Gripsrud, Moe, Molander and Murdock (2010, p. XIV) indicate that the public sphere is an avenue whereby modern day so cieties come together and share ideas through discussions, thus creating a channel for airing public opinions. In this instance, it is unornamented that a collision between the public sphere and the imprimatur that governs or rules the public sphere exists. The public sphere in this context refers to the civil society the beneficiaries of social labor whilst the authority refers to the ruling syndicate or the vehicle that drives the need of the public sphere (Gripsrud, Moe, Molander and Murdock, 2010, p. XVII).In the words of Habermas (1991, p. 129), the public sphere determines the carriage in which the ruling class will govern the public sphere. Through the public sphere the laws and regulations of the market are drawn, and debates on how buying and selling will take place. Habermas (1991, p. 175) indicates that the public sphere has, in one way or another, control of the state. Habermas (1989, p. 51) emphasizes that the public sphere is a form of a regulatory mechanism that prevents the ruling class from oppressing the public sphere. Gripsrud, Moe, Molander and Murdock (2010, p. XIX) are of the opinion that the public sphere is a form of democracy that allows for participation in the course of decision making thus, the public opinion is glowering down into a political action. This is a vivid elucidation of the fact that public opinion rules the authority of law making regulations. From another point of view, Fraser (1990, p. 59) argues that the public sphere has been credited for its ability to come up with mechanisms that always ensure that the state remains accountable for its actions in the society.

Case Study Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 5

Case Study - Assignment Example arcminute priority should be given to children as they stand a higher chance of survival. Moreover, they have a lot to achieve in life as compared to elderly who may as well non survive even after the vaccine.On private reflection, caring for a patient diagnosed with HIV contribute be of significant challenge. Even after the patient has been found positive for the disease, the patient might not want the information disclosed to the family. On the other hand, the family faces a great risk as it is easier to contract the disease during the nursing period from the patient. This moves a great fight between code of ethics and personal conscience or compassion. The patients confidentiality is important but with utilitarianism, defying the code of ethics is what get out bring the great good for the majority. The patient needs to be convinced that making the condition known to family willing be of great benefit to all of them. This will help the patient get appropriate care. It will also assist the family stay

Suze Orman..leadership Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Suze Orman..leadership - Assignment ExampleCareer Suze Orman confront a lot of physical and mental challenges in her youth period, which she all overcame th just about strong determination. Her indomitable bm bore fruit when she completed her graduation from public school and got chance at the Illinois University. At the University of Illinois she was a student of Social Work in which she desired to obtain a degree despite meaning(a) hardships. Suze Orman could not get achieve the University degree in first chance. However, instead of staying back moved over to California during 1973 where she started working as a waitress in a bakery to finance her studies. During 1976, Suze Orman was conferred lambskin in Social Work by the University of Illinois. The initial period of Suze Ormans career was as rough as the initial stages of her life. Suze Orman after being a graduate decided to stay back at the bakery to learn the style of the trade. She decided to open a restaurant by herself. To this end, she was besides awarded with a loan of $50,000 dollars (by a benevolent customer) that she deposited in Merrill Lynch. However, with the crash of the monetary market the entire amount was lost. This changed the form of Suze Ormans life as she in a great need of meeting the loan ventured into the financial market to be employed as a broker. ... Four years down the line in 1987 Suze Orman resigned from the post of Vice President in Prudential Bache to become a financial entrepreneur. As a financial entrepreneur, Suze Orman ventured to open up her own financial firm, Suze Orman financial Group where she stayed till 1997. Suze Orman decided once again to change her career course from being a financial advisor to become a author and a speaker. She quit the post of director of her firm and started on her career as a generator and an orator on financial matters (Suze Orman Biography). Achievement Suze Ormans career as a writer and speaker won her many accolades. The bo oks written by her consists of popular titles like The 9 Steps to Financial Freedom, The Courage to Be Rich and The Road to Wealth. All these books authored by Suze Orman happened to become the best sellers in New York. Suze Ormans writing career also wears some national bestsellers like Youve clear It and Dont lose it. Her writing career gains further recognition through her continued literary contribution to Americas contemporary magazines like Oprah Winfreys Magazine, Philadelphia Inquirer among others. Apart from smart in her writing career, Suze Orman made a mark of an orator while hosting a show in the CNBC Channel. A separate segment was created in CNBC named The Suze Orman Show which gained huge popularity. Her list of accolades includes Emmy awards for hosting shows aimed at public service. Suze Orman also received the Gracy Allen award for her significant contribution in financial talk shows in the audio and ocular media. The Smart Money Magazine had listed Suze Orman among thirty Power Brokers in the country. The Feminist Press for her

The Disconnect of Fashion Advertising with Young Females Dissertation

The Disconnect of Fashion Advertising with Young Females - Dissertation ExampleResearchers educe advertising media may adversely impact womens body image Online visible(prenominal) at www.healthyplace.com Accessed February 2011 For centuries individuals or societies pick out used clothes and another body adornment as a form of nonverbal chat to indicate occupation, rank, gender, sexual availability, locality, class, and wealth and group affiliation. Fashion is a form of free speech. It not only when embraces habiliments but also accessories, jewelry, hairstyles, beauty, and body art. What we wear and how and when we wear it, provides others with the shorthand to subtly read the advance of a social situation. -Online Available at www.fashion-ersociology_semiotics.com Accessed February 2011 With the peer pressure of being socially accepted in different environments, fashion is as yet more so an issue with the younger generation of females. Research has shown that 70% of women who regularly read fashion magazines consider them to be an important source of beauty and fitness information. -Online Available at www.healthyplace.com Accessed February 2011 In a study carried out by Peck and Loken in 2004, entitled When pass on larger-sized female models in advertisements are viewed positively? It was stated that a quarter of those that were analyzed, were women that reported they did have a strong interest in imitating fashion models, hence there seems to be a disconnect betwixt the images used by fashion advertisers and the impact on female consumers. As consumers, we are always being bombarded with fashion in many different ways. The newest look or the trendiest color is constantly in our faces by many different methods- if it is not by billboard it is by magazine, television and even on the foods that we eat, Influences even come from music that we listen to with music videos. Fashion is everywhere and it is something we cant get remote from. Fashion sty le is important. Your clothes make your fashion statement, and how youre perceived. Stand straight and carry yourself with grace. You will branch out self-confidence. -Online Available at www.zinearticles.com Accessed March 2011 However, the way in which advertisers of fashion clothing portray young females in their advertising, does not necessarily seem to correspond with the way that young females want to be viewed. Rational/ receipts of the project The aim of this dissertation is to analyze and determine whether fashion advertising uses relevant imagery to have an impact on young females today. Thus the research will try and provide advertisers of fashion clothing with a deeper insight and helpful observations into understanding their audience, their young female customers. Overview of the role of female imagery in fashion advertising Research Objectives The main aim of the project is to try and prove whether there is or there is not a disconnect between how advertisers advert ise fashion to females. The focus will be on an audience of 18-25-year-old female students at London South Bank University that are fashion conscious.

Policies & Regulations of Social Media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 14500 words

Policies & Regulations of favorable Media - Essay ExampleIn complaisant network, users (such as friends or acquaintances) with common interests often shargon hobbies, information and interests, depending on the privacy settings. Nowadays, Social Networking Sites (SNS) have become prevalent ways of communication. For instance, Government agencies are development SNS such as Facebook, Twitter, MySpace, and Orkut, to execute their e- judicature functions (McNamara, 2011). Currently, E-governance is widely accepted around the world, especi altogethery because it provides different opportunities such as encouraging delivery of service at the government level, reducing the cost of government operations and up the effectiveness of government functions. Therefore, many governments have adopted e-governance and its related technologies to their perceived benefits. In this view of this, this record will analyse and highlight Saudi-Arabian-Arabian Arabias social media regulations and polici es. 1.1 Aim The aim of this research is to rate social media policies and regulations in government constitutions in Saudi Arabia, which is essential in ensuring effective adoption and wont of social media. 1.2 Objectives These are the main objectives for undertaking this national. To identify the existing social media policies (if any) among government organizations in Saudi Arabia. To document policies and regulations that facilitates and enhances the successful adoption and custom of social media in government organizations. To encourage the government organization in Saudi Arabia to use social media tools because none exists at the moment. To come up with recommendations regarding relevant policies and to break the use of social media 1.3 Research Questions Particularly, through this research, the aim is to answer four major questions regarding the use of social media in Saudi Arabias government organizations. These include the following How are Saudi government organizati ons exploitation social media? What are some of the difficulties reported in the use of social media by both the lag and organizational heads? Are there policies and regulations that govern the use of social media in these organizations? If not, why not? What are some of the regulations and policies that can be adopted to enhance effective use of social media in Saudis government organizations? 1.4 Research Background In the 1990s, the Internet transformed peoples lives and outright social media come with new horizon of sharing information and collaboration. However, to enhance the effectiveness of social media usage for government organizations, social media policy is fundamental. According to Hrdinova et al., (2010), with the increasing demand of the social media, many organizations are hard to cope with the current social media atmosphere and its recent transformation by changing the design of the octogenarian policy and regulations of Internet use. However, in these organiz ations, the manner in which social media has been used, has led to the development of social media policies. Therefore, the study will demonstrate the procedure of implementation, technological application and efficient policy of social media. However, to execute all these, Jana Hrdinova and Natalie Helbig (2011) suggested three core points by which social media can be efficiently used by the government agencies. First, to support the

Madonna and Child Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

bloody shame and electric shaver - Essay ExampleHer eyes are narrow. Her undress is fair with a touch of pink upon her cheeks. She wears a loose, smaller scarf underneath the shawl, further application program her hair. We observe no appearance of any hair on Madonnas head as it is covered by the scarf and shawl. Her shawl has a golden trim along the edges. She holds the claw with her left delve while her skilful hand is there to add further support. We note that her index finger, on the right hand, points downwards, either casually or perhaps a deeper meaning than the one that appears upon the surface. A light analyse of a circle, which surrounds her head, notify be noticed in the background on the canvas.The Child on the other(a) hand has some peculiar features. For one, the first thing that is very visible is the colour of the skin, which appears to be of shady shade, perhaps light brown, with short hair. He wears a red tunic- figure clothing with a shawl that partially covers the body. The Child appears to be holding onto Madonnas shawl and scarf at the head. Again, like Madonna, there appears to be a halo like circle behind the childs head, detailed with patterns. With Berlinghieros Madonna and Child immediately you will notice the higher level of details especially around the eyes and hands. Madonna appears to be wearing three different types of garments, a headscarf, a shawl and tunic or shirt type clothing underneath the shawl. Her right hand appears to be pointing towards the child who is held up by her right hand. We can also observe a white head covering underneath the large headscarf.

Business environment report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 2

Business environment report - Essay Example331). In evaluating the murder of a familiarity, we take the economic and financial consequences of the decisions made by the management as applied in the organizational activities of the company (Clipici & Gadoiu 2009, p. 331). As such, organizations value evaluations since they manifest the extent to which systems, people, and company activities relate to the principles of business excellence. This paper evaluates the performance of Vodafone from an inter-disciplinary perspective. To strive this, the paper will use the above named measures to evaluate the performance of Vodafone. However, the paper will not verbalise employee satisfaction in the evaluation since data on employee satisfaction is not available. The evaluation of the companys performance derives a clear understanding of the present business position and its overall performance. This assessment equally creates a general market perception, derives the value of the company , and helps the management to make future business decisions. Increasing revenues and pay are good measures of the companys performance although evaluation also involves variance analysis, key performance indicators, customer satisfaction measurement, and employee satisfaction (Hill, 2013, p.1). It also involves the calculation of financial ratios like ROE, IRR, and CFROI (Hagel, Brown & Davison, 2010, p. 1) community development, sustainability, and comparability the company with entire industry. Development Vodafone Group Plc. (Vodafone) is a mobile communications company that offers a consecrate of communications services in over 30 countries and over 40 partner markets across the globe. Its home plate are in Newbury, United Kingdom, its business operations include voice, messaging, data and fixed-line solutions, and all devices related to consolatory communications needs (Vodafone, 2013, p. 1). Ethical Behavior and Code of Conduct Vodafone Company has a code of fetch that s ets out the business principles of the company, which consequently define how every person at the company should behave. Indeed, the company is perpetrate to a strong ethical conduct where the code of conduct mandates all employees to uphold high ethical standards. This complies with Section 406 of the US Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and the rules issued by the US Securities and Exchange Commission. This mandates all registered companies to adopt a compose code of morals applicable to all stakeholders of a reference company (U.S Securities And Exchange Commission, 2003, p. 1). Vodafone Group Plc. rigorously abides with these provisions and do not intend to waive the requirements of this code of conduct to any employee (Vodafone, 2010, p 1-6). As a result, all employees of Vodafone Company seek to promote honesty and ethical conduct in the joint of their duties. Moreover, the company promotes complete, accurate, true, and timely disclosure of the Companys financial results to all stakeholders as required by the law. The company promotes conformity to relevant laws, rules, and regulations as well as condemning illegalities. More so, the company abhors high standards of business ethics and prevents its employees from seeking competitive advantage through unlawful or unethical business practices (Vodafone, 2010,

Theories on Motivation in Human Resource Management Assignment

Theories on Motivation in Human Resource Management - Assignment Ex bulkyory had been apply in US organizations and later exported to other regions of the world, it has lost its significance in the current world(prenominal) short letter environment. The speculation is founded on mere assumptions rather than relevant facts or research. It is absurd to think that individuals would carry on moving toward growth and finally attain self actualization. If this theory can be relied, for ample workforce motivation the management has to identify the active needs of each employee. The theory flaws in the matter-of-fact side as it is impossible to categorize employees based on their physiological and psychological requirements. The weakness of the theory is more prevalent in the case of multinational companies (MNCs) which are having the features of virtual organizations with broad pool of human. Although this theory had been applied in US organizations and later exported to other regions of the world, it has lost its significance in the current global business environment. The theory is founded on mere assumptions rather than relevant facts or research.

The Opportunities and Challenges of Contemporary Public Health Policy Essay

The Opportunities and Challenges of Contemporary reality Health Policy for Specialist Community Public Health nursing - Essay ExampleThis paper is a critical review of the available belles-lettres on specialist community public wellness policy in England as applicable to wellness visiting. Some of the more recent position papers along with several research papers on the role of wellness visiting nurses, their qualifications and skills and the relevant policies will be reviewed. The advantages of health visiting to the target divide and the various challenges faced by health visitors as well the administration will also be discussed to understand the health visiting environment in England. Specialist community health policy in England Despite recognizing the importance of public health promotion and preventative strategies through community settings, public health issues concerning health visiting still remains a subject that attracts much attention. Health visiting may have evolv ed from simply organism concerned with sanitation to addressing maternal and child welfare it is now being touted as the most essential of services in the realm of public health. Today, health visiting in England and UK as in other countries is being given the importance that it demands. This concept of health visiting in the first place focuses on generating awareness among individuals, families and communities as a whole of the importance of ensuring the wellness of both the child and the family (Carr et al, 2012). However, thither is an increasing awareness among practitioners and policy makers alike of the need for effective policies and instruction execution strategies to cater to the demanding and more complex needs of the changing community settings which are more heading towards being multi-ethnic and diverse in nature. There is evidence of a multi-pronged approach to developing health visiting services in England. This tail assembly be seen from the initiative by Nation al Health Services (NHS) in gathering evidence primary for improving public health based on a three-tier structure that sweep ups in to account the strategical directions set by a board of advisors in collecting the evidence base, dividing the work based on reference group and forming of user panels to establish a framework for evaluation of the evidence base (Bull et al, 2004). The kinglike College of Nurisng (RCN), UKs largest association of nurses, midwives, health visitors and other practitioners has published a position paper on health visiting (Pillars of the Community the RCN UK position on the development of the registered nursing workforce in the community) which has since been slavish in contributing to the decision of the De spotment of Health to endorse the coalition governments toast to increase the number of health visitors from 8000 to more than 12000 (an increase by 4200) and also the Health Visitor implementation Plan set to guide and strengthen health visiting service in the country, as part of the A Call to action 2011 publication that endorses a four tier model Community planetary Universal Plus and Universal Partnership Plus (Health Visiting Services & Public Health Nursing a consultation document, 2012). Concerns have been raised on the role of health nurses in the community settings where it seemed to take on the role of surveillance more than support to the families of the different communities. However, specialist community

Nutrition in the Prevention and Treatment of Disease Research Paper - 1

Nutrition in the barroom and Treatment of Disease - Research Paper ExampleIt is evidently clear from the discussion that food is non only important for the maintenance and development of an individual, but also in the performance and reproduction of invigoration. It has been estimated that during a persons entire lifetime, a person consumes approximately 30 tonnes of food on residue in professedly endless dietary categories. However, as digestion takes place, the food is broken down into basic nutrients demand for the well being of the individual. Therefore, it is safe to assume that food is chemistry. In the process of digestion, the mixture of chemicals present in the food is broken down into four basic categories nutrients, non-nutritive naturally occurring components (which include antinutritive and natural toxins), man-made contaminants and additives. fetching that into consideration, it is safe to say that nutrients make up for more than 99.9% of the food contents. Nutrie nts can be classified into carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, fats, and minerals. These partings atomic number 18 referred to as macronutrients and micronutrients. Macronutrients can be described as primary sources of strength and building elements for humans, whereas micronutrients, on the early(a) hand, ar only required in comparative volumes. Micronutrients can be obtained in vitamins, minerals and trace elements, and are still essential in ample amounts to ensure proper performance of all body cells. Furthermore, micronutrients much(prenominal) as water do not necessarily provide individuals with energy. The majority of micronutrients are critical nutrients for life processes, often synthesized by the body. For that reason, these necessary nutrients can be received from the food that we eat. Most significantly, macronutrients are constituent and indispensable ingredients of our diets, often found in carbohydrates, water, fat, and protein.

Political Realism Essay Example for Free

Political naive realism EssayAccording to realists, the conduct of external leaders differs very little from the conduct of a leader of a criminal organization. Realists underlying assumption, i. e. that the transnational system is in the condition of perpetual anarchy, is close to how annoyance bosses perceive the neverending competition amid divergent gangs, clans or crime families, like the one Tony Soprano heads. Just like in relations between competing crews or between criminals and the g everywherenment, no progress to struggleds lasting peace is possible in international relations. planetary relations be by definition conflictual, unlike domestic matters of a state, since there is no exacting authority over sovereign subject which would possess monopoly on force similar to the one a state has on its territory. Conflicts in international relations, according to realists, argon always resolved by the spend of force. Here the analogy of Tony Soprano is particularl y relevant, since he has killed at least eight people. Similarly, power in international relations, according to realists, is associated with army superiority and ability to defeat enemies.Crime families pursue their own interests exploitation resources they command, but they are well aware of resources and capabilities of their competitors. The same way states in international relations fixate calculations of their power and interests vs. power and interests of their rivals. Therefore, intelligence information (everything that can be uptaked against competitors) is equally valuable in international relations and criminal activity. Peace and stability is lonesome(prenominal) possible when a durable counterweight of power exists that reflects actual standing of owing(p) powers on the international arena.The same happens in the criminal world. Although gangs and crime families study no moral obligations towards each other, they can sometimes cooperate against a common opposi tion (states on their part form international alliances). Balance of power among criminal organizations is of a paramount greatness for peace and quiet in a city or neighborhood. As Sullivan (2000) informs, criminal groups sustain spatial or economic spheres of influence turf or markets (p. 86). The states act the same way when they perceive veritable regions of the world as their spheres of influence.For the U. S. , the Middle East is a region of strategic importance, as its enduring military presence there clearly indicates. Similarly, Russia is treating the former Soviet republics as a priorityin an stew both to obtain lucrative assets and to enhance its political influence (Trenin 2006, p. 91). Realists also believe that there is a difference between private and political morality for the public and private spheres, there should be diametric codes of ethical conduct, and some actions inacceptable in private morality terms can be indispensable in politics.This argument can b e perhaps extended further to state that different ethical codes are applied to domestic matters and international relations some actions that would be deemed inacceptable by domestic publics are carried start in or against foreign states, sometimes with the approval of the population at home. Here, an interesting example is the conflict of Henry Kissinger in the uprooting of Allendes popular regime in Chile.While it would be a arguable to assume Kissinger believed that democracy served the interests of American people (since he hasnt made attempts to subvert the public order), he has been reported to comment on the Chilean election of socialist Alllende in the following way The issues are much too important for the Chilean voters to be left to decide for themselves (cited in Zarembka 2006, p. ix). He has in fact denied that Chileans had a correctly to elect their own leaders, while Americans could teach other countries about right and wrong.In everyday life, this would be referr ed to as hypocrisy however, according to political realists, this is how politics is made on the daily basis. In a similar fashion, many crime bosses are good at maintaining cardinal distinct sets of values, one to be applied to intra-organizational matters and another one for the rest of the world. Inside their crime family, gangsters butt much(prenominal) qualities as loyalty, honesty, and nobility. All criminal organizations father a code of conduct that is strictly enforced, although such codes have little to do with morality and ethics in the conventional sense.That is why to the outside world, they reckon as cruel, self-interested beasts. Similarly, political leaders have to maintain two sets of values in their private affairs, they have to be an example of integrity and righteousness, as the scandal with Bill Clinton and Monica Lewinsky shows. Also, they have to be good to their electorates and permute surface political rivals. However, in international relations, they are expected to defend vital interests of their democracy with monishmination and firmness. The avenue to War This section will look into strange and unusual circumstances and events that lead to wars.The extent to which types of government and domestic publics have an impact on war proneness of states will be discussed. At a first glance, the recent U. S. attack of Iraq is an example of a war between a democracy and monarchal country, so it is not particularly applicable for testing the classless peace theory. In fact, the official fountain for going to Iraq, as Scowcroft (2002) reports, was regime change Saddam Hussein oppressed his own people and present a bane to international security. It was exactly the undemocratic nature of Iraq that made it a tangible threat to the U.S. it was deemed that its democratization would automatically provide for peace. Saddam was portrayed as a leader that was impossible to deter by diplomatic elbow room, sanctions, or the threat of forc e, therefore the invasion was deemed the only viable option for preventing Iraq from acquiring and deploying WMD (Mearsheimer Walt 2003). However, even before the actual deployment, there were forces in the foreign insurance policy establishment work for a more careful balancing of various U. S. interests at home and abroad. The war on Iraq, as Scowcroft (2002) then argued, would divert U. S.resources from other important pursuits such as the war on terror or resolution of Israeli-Palestinian conflict. As the difficulties in Iraq have powerfully brought home, realism for the U. S. straight off does not mean the use of force but rather refraining from it. The Bush doctrine implied going to war and falling out with associate for the sake of furthering American ideals (Rose 2005), on the aforementioned assumption that democratization is a necessary prerequisite for peace. This neocon line is sometimes referred to as democratic transformationalism, which is essentially liberal inte rventionism (Goldberg 2005).In his second term, however, Bush has been increasingly more inclined towards realism and looking out for actual American interests. To that end, he mended relations with europium and returned to negotiating with rogue states (Rose 2005). This is in line with the need to balance ones power and interests against those of other great powers. Such a change in orientation once again suggests that changes in leadership have a significant bearing on the war-proneness of a democratic state, a conclusion Elman (1997) has reached after analyzing the 1982 war between Israel and Lebanon.While no change of leadership has taken place in the U. S. , a change in Presidents orientation and some reshuffle in the foreign policy establishment were responsible for the shift. While people like Henry Kissinger are vilified as amoral hypocrites, moralism in foreign policy has never led to anything good for the U. S. Harry Truman was responsible for the Korean War, John F. Ken nedy and Lyndon Johnson have initiated the Vietnam War, and Bill Clinton has presided over the Balkan conflict and a deterioration of relations with China.However, right- or left-wing moralists have almost always been succeeded by realists and foreign policy pragmatists who helped to clear the mess (Rose 2005). This mirrors the discussion by Postel (2004) of how democracy-spreading ambitions of George W. Bush touch American realists (together with libertarians and traditionalists). Realisms main assumption is the primacy of state sovereignty, therefore an interference into the affairs of another state is only justified if an existential threat exists to ones own country.Before that point is reached, the internal organization of another country is not any of our business (Goldberg 2005, para. 25). A far more important reason to worry about the spread of democratic transformationalism is the human and economic cost of it. As Johnson (2000) clearly shows, the U. S. is an overextended empire try to sustain its military commitments abroad, and the people of the United States are neither militaristic decorous nor rich enough to engage in the perpetual police actions, wars, and bailouts their governments hegemonic policies will require (p.221). This argument suggests that populations at home ultimately have some say over foreign policy or at least over the economic cots of overseas military exercises. This point will be explored in great detail further in this section. The supporters of democratic transformationalism think that the threat posed by Saddam at the turn of the century was the natural consequence of the limited nature of the U. S. intervention during the first Gulf War. then(prenominal) the U. S. , in accordance with the U. N. mandate, focused on removal of Iraq from Kuwait and not the removal of Saddam from Iraq.Neoconservatives called it an unsanded job the focus on stability instead of democratization has lead to the current mess, in their feeli ng (Goldberg 2005). Some commentators believe that the sole reason why the U. S. did not go to Iraq then was the Vietnam syndrome (Ferguson 2004). While historic evidence is mixed wit regard to the democratic peace theory (and therefore the feasibility of democratic transformationalism), it is too early to dismiss it as trivial. This theory might as well be applicable in the 21st century, even if it has failed for most of the 19th and 20th centuries, for two major reasons.First of all, with the orgasm of new technologies, the level of interconnectedness between peoples of the world has increased dramatically. Citizens of democratic states enjoy unrestricted plan of attack to the Internet and the ability to travel to other democratic countries, usually without a visa. Therefore, public opinion in a democratic country is unlikely to support a military action against another democratic country, since there are personal ties between citizens of both, or the consumption of cultural pro ducts from another country (e. g. french cinema or Danish design) has created an emotional attachment to a foreign land. The EU can be held up as a prime example. The European continent has been at war for most of its existence. However, nowadays no one can imagine a war between two EU members. perchance it was not the participation in common decision-making institutions (which are still weak and contested) but the strength of people-to-people contacts (encouraged by student mobility programs, the rise of an international passkey class, cross-border marriages, and even the proposed mobility program for military staff) that has delivered the change.A valid protest to this reasoning would be that professionalization of armies has diminished the level of control publics have over armed forces. As Johnson (2000) explains, for most of the 20th century, national armies were formed by universal conscription, by volunteers, or by a combination of both. It was of paramount importance to su stain patriotic spirit among troops and persuade them by means of propaganda that an enemy poses an existential threat to their nation.If states failed to maintain a firmness of purpose among soldiers, insubordination, desertion and sabotage sack out an army effectively non-battleworthy. However, professional soldiers perceive their mission merely as a special class of employment. Although states still initiate massive campaigns to convince their publics of necessity of a war, like it was in the case of Iraq, professional soldiers would be ready to battle any enemy their state commanded them to.Moreover, a state can get private security providers to wage wars for them. Although there was no case when a war was waged by using such providers only, the involvement of private military companies (PMC) and private security companies (PSC) in Iraq has received a potful of attention (Singer 2004). Thus, a government can still wage a war against another country in opposition to domestic public opinion by relying on a professional armies or private security provides.

My Best Friends Essay Example for Free

My Best Friends toleratevassWhat do you think with your best friends appearance, personality and the feeling you ready they to be your friends? In my opinion, Friends is really important for me. I notify live without computer and TV exclusively I cant live without friends the persons who is sharing my mood with me whenever Im happy or sad and I found Them my really best friends who had a, nice appearance , good but has a different personalities and Im very happy that I had a best friends like them. My best friends are Jessica, Crizel and Hannah. When I first saw them or my first impression about them is, I thought that Jessica was a beauteous lesbian or a boyish one because she act like a man but deep inside she was a pure girl and then Crizel was, also like a boy maybe because in the first place they are friend w Hannah which I thought that she was stinging/ rugged but in other side shes very kind and clever.In addition, when we are not that so close for me Jessica was very annoying because shes evermore shouting just to point in time our other classmates for making unpleasant sound, and then before when I saw Hannah she has lot of pimple in her face and it is like overload parking lot ha-ha just kidding, but now it is oftentimes OK, her pimple was not that much. And lastly Crizel, we are not that much close and unfortunately we had a misunderstandment between two of us.What is more, for me they are so good friend and all the bad side, was so opposite when I knew there real personality. They are the persons who understand me well (I think). They always beside me when Im upset list to me and help me every time when I need help. When i have problem they will divulge me some advices and help me to solve the problem. Even when I dont understand in the lesson they explained patiently for me to understand every time. I think Im really lucky that I have them and Im very happy we are friends and I think we will be friends forever.To summarizes, I th ink they are a nice person. They have good appearance, personality and Im very happy that I can be friends with Jessica, Crizel and Hannah. And we learned so many things from each of us as. And they always help me in everything. Finally, I think friend is really important for me and I hope we can be friends forever.

The Impact of the FCAT-based learning system on English Language Learners Essay Example for Free

The Impact of the FCAT-based learning system on English Language Learners set aboutThe Florida Comprehensive Assessment Test (FCAT) is a high stakes mandatory evaluation for students in main(a) public schools in the state of Florida. It is famed for gains in student achievement and teacher accountability. On the interchange side, it is dreaded for test anxiety in students, and a state administered bonus incentive to top acting schools among other flaws. It is unfair to subject non-English speakers to the FCAT.As defined in section 1001.56 of the Florida Statutes English Language Learners (ELLs) agency Limited English Proficient. These are individuals who do not speak English as their primary quarrel and who have a limited ability to read, speak, write, or understand English. (Florida administrative Weekly). The researcher admits that they did not broker in ELLs in their survey questions. However he compensates for this with a recommendation as well as a good number of in sightful comments from respondents. This could be a pointer that ELLs could be ignored by the Florida state education system. This could lead to protests and hate speech from minorities.A respondent commented It is ridiculous for second language learners to take the FCAT as soon as they enter the country Research indicates it takes as many as six years for students to be able to reason and express themselves in writing in a second language FCAT standards have been found to be failing under the rules of the federal No babe Left Behind legislation. This mandatory test exacerbates the school drop out problem in Florida.(FCAT Project)In conclusion the FCAT system is not fair to ELLs. There are other tests like ACT, SAT in line with Sunshine State Standards (Florida Department of Education) that can be used. If this system is to be popular, then insurance policy makers need to work on its flaws.Works CitedAccommodations of the Statewide Assessment Program Instruments and Procedures for English Language Learners. Florida Administrative Weekly and Florida Administrative Code. May 5, 2009, May 7, 2010.https//www.flrules.org/gateway/RuleNo.asp?id=6A-6.09091

Richard Riodriquezs memoir of a bilingual childhood Essay Example for Free

Richard Riodriquezs memoir of a bilingual childhood EssayRichard Riodriquez in his A Memoir Of a Bilingual Childhood is recalling his memories about(predicate) how he felt as a bilingual child in the American society. While doing so and reflecting on these memories, he refutes the idea of alienating the bilingual children by educating them through their native language. He presents very(prenominal) interesting thoughts about the true reflections of intimacy and how that relates to language.Choosing certain lyric to convey his sense of smellings, Riodriquez engages his readers to sense the change of his view towards his identity as an American citizen of foreigner parents. When he reflects on his early childhood, he repetitively uses the words distant, foreigners, strain, confused and hard to describe his and his familys interactions with the others, los gringos. For him, his safety and family intimacy were all symbolized just by public speaking their possess private langu age that separates them from the public. This way, he felt secure as an individual rather than a ingredient of a mysterious huge crowd.Richard Riodriquezs tone overall is a reflective emotional one that triggers the readers emotions to feel the same as the writer and agree with what he says. He beautifully uses different nibs to achieve that. unitary tool was his excessive descriptions for his feelings by using clear sentences with many different adjectives throughout his essay. Another tool was his repetitive using figurative language to clarify his thoughts. For example, he wrote as confused as the move of blue and green oil in the puddle next to my shoes. as well as the collide of two worlds. Rhetorical questions like But I would have delayed postponed for how long? are another(prenominal) tools that Richard Riodriquez uses to convince his readers.I desire the beauty of the language Riodriquez expressed his thoughts. Some of the analogies and metaphors he drew were kinda powerful and made me feel the gloominess or excitement he felt. I also liked the way he explored and defined identity and intimacy. As he grew up, he found out that interacting with the others and speaking their language does not mean losing neither his identity nor the intimacy with his different family. Individuality is not by separating oneself from the community as many others believe but it can still be achieved while mingle with the society and owning a publicidentity. I liked how he clearly concluded that intimacy, which he was seek to protect in his childhood, is not by speaking the same language for example but it is by the meanings behind the words spoken.

Malware, Spyware And Adware Essay Example for Free

Malwargon, Spywargon And Adw ar EssayHow do we get Spyware How Spyware operates Spyware effects Man In Middle attack Counter-Measures Anti-Malware Techniques Bibliography Introduction From the early days of cracking passwords and stealing information from personal information processing systems, to poisonous Internet found attacks that post shake entires nation security, cyber crimes have evolved from the endeavors of entertainment by cyber kiddies to organized crimes and terrorist activities of cyber mafia.Virus Attacks, hacking, web browser pirates, spam, phishing and so on are various manifestations of malicious activities that have evolved on the internet in last couple of decades. Malware is one such tool that has emerged as a wide preferred choice to consummate flagitious activities on the Internet. Malware is new genre of hostile bundle package, written in a high level language. Norm tout ensembley they target technical vulnerabilities in the system. Spyware, adwa re, Trojans, virus, worms are very jet form of Malware prevalent on the Internet. It propagates through emails, IM and an different(prenominal) web services.It can be categorized into criminal and blood malware. Criminal malware is commitd in cyber terrorism and vandalism while business malware is use for business/monetary benefits. Spyware is a package class that collects personal information of the substance absubstance abusers without their formal consent. Unlike viruses and worms, spyware does not comm totally self replicate, or intrude into the system directly or spread from one system to another(prenominal) instead, it intrudes into a system by deceiving the user or exploiting software vulnerabilities in a system. Once it gets into the system, its implications can range from disturbing to devastating.It propagates using personalization cookies, tracking cookies, Trojans, drive-by downloads, hacking and piggybacking. Malware Along with viruses, malware is the biggest thr eat today to the computer users. It can hijack the browser, redirect search results, serve up pop-ups and m all more. Malware stands for malicious software and is used to identify all unwanted and potentially unwanted software. We can get infected by malware in several ways. It often comes bundled with other programs (examples include kazaa and i-mesh). These are usually pop-up ads, that send revenue from the ads to the programs authors.Others are installed from the website, pretence to be software needed to view the site. Its most destructive feature is that once we are infected with the malware, it tends to multiply Earlier, it was mainly written for the destruction of computers and their data but now a days malware tuition is a big business. It is mostly used as a tool for extorting money out of its victims. In the form of rogue security programs, these are used to convince uneducated computer users to purchase the remotion software from the equal people who have written it. The shells of malware areAdware- It is the class of software that monitors the internet use for known e-commerce sites. When a user attempts to reach a site, adware pops-up suggesting an alternate site which whitethorn or may not be current. Porn Dialers- This software was used heavily during the days when modem was the primary mechanism for connecting to the internet. This used to silently disconnect a modem from its service providers and redial to another premium rate telephone figure of speech. The resulting phone number charges, usually that of far-removed countries, would be found by the user only on its next telephone bill.Backdoors- These are the software tools which are mostly used to bypass existing security mechanisms present in whatever operating system or any application. Exploits- It is a general term used to describe any software code that is specifically intentional to take advantage of a known weakness in operating system or application code. When vulnerabilit ies exist on a system, the exploits can be created to earmark attacker administrative privileges, disclose or destroy any data or complete any task. Key loggers- These are the original spyware.It is a type of malware that is mostly used to spy on the user of a system. One way to accomplish this is to log every keystroke typed into that system and then using that data to extract credit card social security numbers and all other sensitive information. Trojans- It is software that illegitimately performs some action that is different than its stated purpose. It may appear to be a legitimate software package that accomplishes a task desired by the user but at the same time after installing it can in any case perform some illegitimate tasks like destroying personal data.Examples of malware GAIN- It is one of the oldest and best known examples of malware, created by Claria company. webHancer- It is a spyware application that is commonly bundled with other programs. Upon installation, i t starts a program that runs in the background and collect details of the webpages we visit. ISTBar- It is a combination of toolbar and hijacker. It installs a toolbar with search functions provided by slotch. com. new-fashioned Attacks- Katrina-themed Malware attack Hits the Net This malicious site hosted in Poland harbors a secondary line of attack designed especially to dupe windows users.It cynically offers a free scan for the zotob worm that in reality infects users. It also exploits well known IE vulnerabilities to install a variety of Trojans including Cgab-A, Borobot-Q etc. Most Recent Malware stealth Malware Stealth is a program that deliberately tries to conceal its presence in the system. It may try to fur changes it introduced in the system, including dropped files, file changes, running processes, registry settings etc. Malware Development Life Cycle- In recent years, malware has evolved in complexity to rival many decent sized software projects.This indicates an amendment in decent methodologies that enables malware producers to improve their output and capability to achieve maximum gain. Following are the steps generally deployed by the creators of malware to look its success Get the malware onto the target system. Ensure the survival of the malware in the target system. Once establish interest its payload. There are several ways by which malware can be installed on the target machine. around of these include websites or vulnerabilities in software installed on target machine. There are also actively spreading worms, which propagates via emails, peer to peer network, and IM.A growing trend is not to target vulnerabilities in software but to exploit the users of that software. Malware tricks the users and entice the user to download. One of the major requirement of malware is to remain undetected and workable once installed on the target machine. For this purpose the most common techniques used are compression and encryption. direct a d ays two more techniques are getting common i. e. code obfuscation and operable injectors. Once establish the main job of malware is to deliver the payload. This payload varies from malware to malware. Spyware-It is a type of malicious software that collects information from a computing system without his/her consent. It can capture keystrokes, screenshots, internet usage habit other personal information. The data is then delivered to online attackers who sell it to others or use it themselves for marketing or identify theft. How do we get spyware- The main culprits in spyware transmission are- Unprotected web browsing Many advert companies send tracking files, called cookies, along with their banner, ads or provide special offers that, when clicked, install extra software without our consent.Peer-to-peer applications Kazza loose is a notorious carrier of spyware installation packages. Many MP3 sharing sites also cause spyware problems. Opportunistic freeware or shareware progr ams Weatherbug is one such program which collects more information than it is authorized. Web browsers using cookies Any web browser can permit spyware to be installed on clicking the page that installs it. Some legitimate commercial software Windows Media fake and America Online are considered sources of spyware.Each installation of Windows Media Player includes a uniquely identifying number that is provided to Microsoft, and America Online installs redundant software packages that report data usage to advertising companies. How Spyware operates When keywords of interest like names of banks, online payment systems etc are observed, the spyware starts its data collection process. The most common area of interest for spyware is the data sent using HTTPS i. e. HyperText polish off Protocol Secure. This HTTPS is mainly used for very sensitive data and uses Secure Socket Layers(SSL) Transport Layer Security(TLS).encryption using these SSL TLS makes it difficult to intercept data during transmission but when spyware is running on the end users computer, it is collected before encryption. Man-In-Middle Attack Man in Middle Attack or pose Brigade Attack can be active as well as passiveform of eavesdropping. It is a type of attack in which the cyber criminal funnels communication between two users and none of the user is aware that the communication is being illegally monitored. The man in middle employ spyware that when loaded on the consumers computer redirects the web browser to the fake site.Countermeasures Users/Organizations can formulate their anti-malware strategy depending upon the type and complexity of Malware attacks that they are unresolved to, and the level of risk associated with such attacks. Different organizations use different tools and approaches to counter malware attacks. These tools and approaches are often based on their functionality, suitability and a cost. The two basic approaches are Reactive lift Proactive Approach Reactive App roach- It is an incident response process.In this method, once a problem is encountered, the investigation of the problem, analysis and findings remedy, and documenting the resolutions for in store(predicate) is done and that too mostly in same order. The existing anti malware tools available, identify the malware by see the computer executable files check if any know malware have sneaked into the system. This is done by detecting programs that are making changes to the operating system registry. Here, there are only three alternatives for dealing with malware- Running Malware extractible tool to detect and repair malware.If, anti-malware tool fails, Malware can be removed manually by the administrator or formatting the system. Use anti-Malware tool to prevent them from incoming the system. Proactive approach- In this approach, the Malware can be deleted even before they get executed. It can be done in following ways- practise latest firmware to hardware systems and routers a s recommended by vendors. Apply latest security patches to server applications and other applications. Ensure recent anti virus software is running. Maintain a database that keeps track of what patches have been applied. alter fire hem ins. Enforce strong password policies. Use Least-privileged user account(LUA). This will do less damage as compared to high privileged processes. Anti-Malware techniques When a worm or virus starts spreading into the computer networks, one must(prenominal) be able to react quickly to minimize the outbreak and damage it can cause. Traditionally, organizations use firewalls and antivirus examine tools in order to prevent Malware from enter the system. These tools are used as a protective wall between a node and its network and the internet.The main motive is to prevent malicious code from entering into the system. However, these firewalls antivirus scanning tools and traffic monitors are not free from technical vulnerabilities, that can distillery be utilize by new generation Malware. Advanced Anti-Malware techniques Integrating filters with touchings Having layers of application filter on the network, will emergence the efficiency of the security tools. Advanced antivirus tools, firewalls, web and email filters can be clubbed together, with latest updates/patches to prevent Malware from entering the system.This approach reduces the probability of Malware intrusion to minimum possible. Though not zero. For example, Malware that attacks the web-browser normally bypasses the firewalls, but gets identified and deleted by web filters. Similarly, a new Malware whose signature is not there in any of the filters can still sneak into the network unnoticed. Multi-Layered Defense without signatures- It is very much similar to the Integrating Filters approach but the only differentiating factor is that they can detect any malware even without their definition or signatures.In the integrating filters with signature technique there is a vulnerability i. e. these are amenable to attacks by unidentified or describe Malware. To overcome that vulnerability Malware without signature approach must be adopted. It includes following technologies.

Political Science Final Essay Example for Free

Political knowledge Final EssayMushrooms have been part of religious rituals for thousands of years ago in the early tribes of of import America and Mexico (Health Education, 2008). Psilocybin is extracted from psilocybin mexicana mushroom clouds and other genus related mushroom species or artificially prep ard in the drug laboratory (Health Education, 2008). Chemically, it is related with lysergic acid diethylamide and commonly known as shrooms, psychedelic mushrooms, or conjuration mushrooms (Health Education, 2008).Historically, for Indians in the Southern and Central America, psilocybin-containing mushrooms were sacred mushrooms and regarded as a means to the world of the spirits. At grant time, Psilocybe mushrooms are widely available in fresh and dried forms that are usually ingested, chopped or brewed in tea (Health Education, 2008). Generally, psilocybin users experience tingling physical sensations, mild euphoria and increased medication visual sensations and musi c sensitivity (Health Education, 2008). Literature Review Brief HistorySculptures and human-like mushroom arts were plethoric during 1000-500 BC (Freeman, 2004). It was inferred that these artifacts have religious implications. As direct evidence, thirteenth century manuscript of Codex capital of Austria Mixtec proved the utilization of sacred mushroom in religious rituals (Freeman, 2004). The Seven Flowers was known as Mixtec divinity of unreal plants represented through an image with a pair of mushrooms in hands (Freeman, 2004). Also, Aztec believed that moving from earthbound to super natural realms back and forth was possible under the power of entheogen, the Prince of Flowers.This was called the flowery dreams by the Aztec and ascribed to unreal effects of the sacred mushrooms (Freeman, 2004). In relation to this, Gordon Wasson personally witnessed the velada session led by curandera Maria Sabina at the Mazatec village in Huatla de Jimenez. This velada session is a religio us ceremony involving the magic mushroom (Freeman, 2004). Pharmacological Properties Mushrooms with hallucinatory effects are naturally cultivated in the cow pastures and fields of the southeastern and northwestern separate of the United States (Freeman, 2004).The most common of all these mushrooms is Psilocybe mushroom containing psychoactive substances. The stems of psilocybin-containing mushrooms are slender and long with caps having hindquarters dark gills. While the caps of fresh mushroom are dark brown along the edges, white or light brown central part topped in whitish-gray or white stems, dried mushrooms are rusty brown with scattered whitish parts (National Drug Intelligence Center, 2006). In 1958 Dr. Albert Hoffman, the lysergic acid diethylamide discoverer, identify psilocybin and psilocybin as the active components of Psilocybe mushroom (Freeman, 2004).About four to ten milligrams per gram of this mushroom is its average psilocybin constituent (Freeman, 2004). In additi on, psilocybin is classified as hallucinogenic drugs typically fix in the United States, South American regions, and Mexico (National Drug Intelligence Center, 2006). This mushroom contains trace amount of psilocin and 0. 2% to 0. 4% of psilocybin (National Drug Intelligence Center, 2006). Further, psilocybin was reported as a rattling stable substance that can last even for 150 years in a hear mushroom (Freeman, 2004).

Fires Role in the Ecosystem Essay Example for Free

promotes fibre in the Ecosystem EssayScientists allow studied forests and kick upstairss to determine the secret of Natures success in attaining this necessary balance. They arouse learned that a inbred make off results from a true fuel condition. Some forest graphemes engender and accumulate fuels faster than new(prenominal)wises just about decompose fuels to a greater extent readily than others. However, at around point in time, e rattling forest example has fuel of the right quantity and quality for that forest to be localize to burn. In the noncurrent, forest cuts would get ahead the whole forest ecosystem because their frequency and intensity was determined by the systems inherent readiness to burn. When there is a de set offure from the inborn give the axe point, the ultimate, inevitable clap will be more severe. Fed by extraordinary amounts of fuel, a burnings intensity may increase beyond the dependable point for some part of the ecosystem. Soil s trick be over hot pantsed and root systems damaged. Living tree crowns, as puff up as unawares needles and assortes, may be reduced to ashes. The DilemmaScientists atomic number 18 studying things other than forests and fires things like population increases, wildlife needs, sport needs and demands, increased hunting pressures, and a diminishing subjective imagination base. Obviously, all forest fires can non be permitted to burn uncontrolled according to the whimsical dictates of empty-headedning strikes or the care littleness of humans. Yet, in attempting to protect these forest values, the goodish role of fire has almost disappeared from the ecosystem it once shaped and created. The inevitable fall of natural cypher is scarcely postponed-the probability of a devastating wildfire is increased. How, then, can the powerful force of fire be apply in a way that cooperates, not conflicts, with nature? No Simple replyPeriodic natural fires rule out the heavy buildup o f fuel which, when ignited, can harm our forests and ecosystems. Controlling fires in harmony with Natures scheme must be based on fuel oversight. There is no ecumenical prescription drug or formula for unequivocal fuels. Forested sites differ, and objectives range from essentially unmanaged wilderness to intensively managed recreation rural areas. However, in areas where the forest managementobjectives consider maintaining or reproducing forest or other natural communities natures method fire is a valuable and personnelive fuel management shot.Fires natural role in reducing fuels is partly replaced in timber-producing areas by the growth and removal of woodwind products. However, slash, resulting from these activities, creates another fuel problem. Better use of harvested wood is one answer fire is another. Controlled burning of non useable slash further reduces the fuel load and provides nutrients for the plants and animals that bear the area. The technical and scie ntific elaborateness of ways to use fire as a management tool has been a major dependant of forest research. Scientists are focusing on forest fuel chemistry, fire behavior, meteorology, and other fields to outgo determine when, where, and how excess fuels are to be burned-over. Only in the uttermost century has fire in the forest been viewed as a monster. We are now beginning to consummate that fire is a natural promoter essential for maintaining the natural ecosystems of Florida.Fire is neither all hot nor all bad. It is natural. It is powerful. In the puritanical places, in the right hand, at the right generation, fire can be an asset and an ally. To employ fire as a useful friend is much more tenacious than confronting it as an enemy. Fire is a significant force in the forest environment. Depending upon specific pour down management objective, plus a host of environmental variables, fire will sometimes be an enemy, at times a friend, and much its effects will be mi xed between the two extremes. To extend association of fires role in Florida forests, this publication has been developed from scientific literature review and observations by experienced personnel. To be most useful, the general principles that follow must be localized to specific environments or management units in that way, in-depth knowledge of fire can be utilise to enhance productivity of the earths ecosystems in all their uncounted variety.One great truth of this environmental age is that it is far better to complement natural systems than to hold in them for single-purpose gain. It is through recognition of ecological interrelationships that we can best manage natural resources for the public good. Ignorance of ecological interrelationships is no excuse for land management errors. To meet futureenvironmental demands, land managers must build crotchety strength in all three fire activities prevention, protection, and fire prescribed for ecological benefits. Fire manageme nt, in full partnership with other environmental factors, is necessary for quality land management. The Two Faces of FireThe freakUncontrolled wildfire raging through a forest can keep disastrous effects. Healthy trees are reduced to blackened snags shrubs that provided food for thought and cover for wildfire become ashes under the intense heat some dishonor nutrients are vaporized and become airborne in smears of choking smoke. Ash falls on rooftops, windowpane sills, and darkens clothes drying outdoors in nearby towns. Where people once enjoyed a unripe, scenic landscape, they see a stark, gray landscape. A forest has been grossly changed the web of life it encompassed and nurtured has been broken. Here, fire has shown its mastery over the land and has behaved as a monster. The FriendThink about fire for a moment. If you have warmed your hands in its welcomed heat and enjoyed its friendly light, you know that all fire is not the raging holocaust. Fire, a vast with air, water , and earth, is a basic environmental factor. We do not judge air as bad because of periodic, destructive hurricanes. We are drawn to water rather than avoiding it despite its potential to cause devastating floods. We do not business concern the earth though we know that forces beyond our control can cause it to quake and slide.Fire, no little than air and water, has been a natural directing force in human evolution and the earth we inhabit. tale indicates that humans learned to use and control fire. Fire was, perhaps, our first tool. Yet today the acceptance of fire in the forest seems basically contrary to our beliefs in modern times. Perhaps we feel we have progressed beyond the need for direct dependence on this natural force. Or maybe we simply do not know and understand it any longer. LightningIn the MakingContinued sunny and warm except for uninvolved afternoon or evening thunderstorms. Thirty percent chance of rain. This is a familiar midsummer live on forecast in Florid a. From over the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico, air masses directly shanghai Floridas weather. Warm air is lifted high into cool, upper air layers. The cooling of this rising air causes its moisture to condense and clouds to form. Moisture droplets form in the upper cold separate of the clouds. When they reach a certain size, the droplets begin to fall earthward, away from the influence of the cold air back into warm, uplifting currents. The droplets may over again vaporize and be lifted even higher into the upper air layers. A repeated steering wheel of warming, lifting, and cooling causes the buildup of tall columns of billowy clouds. The bases of the clouds may be 3,000 feet above sea level the tops of the cloud columns develop upward to levels of 60,000 feet. The Ignition SourceInside the clouds electrical darts build up and separate into positivist and ostracize centers. The upper portion of the cloud becomes positively charged and the lower portion becomes neg atively chargedly charged. The negative charge near the cloud base induces a positive charge on the ground a reversal of the fair weather pattern when the ground charge is negative. Potential gradients between positive and negative centers, with some assistance from friction caused by falling water droplets, lead to those queen-sized sparks known as lightning discharges. Cloud-to-ground lightning is usually a discharge between the negative lower portion of the cloud and the positive charge on the ground. Most thunderstorms in Florida are accompanied by rain. Lightning fires occur when the lightning bolt strikes outside the area of rainfall or it ignites dry fuels that smolder through the rain shower and begin to burn as the area dries out following the shower.Energy to Use or BurnFrom a distance, pines and other botany look fresh and green. Close inspection reveals that the greenness is a shell enveloping a bone marrow of dry needles, twigs, and branches. In the needled or leaf y part of the tree, known as the crown, growth occurs at the branch tips, so the youngest, greenest parts are eternally around the outside edges. Here, photosynthesis occurs. Photosynthesis is the major function of every green plant. It is the process by which light nothing from the sun is converted to a form of thrust that can be stored and used by the plant. Generally, the conversion is tochemical energy and involves the formation of a series of colonial perfect compounds. Some of the compounds impart the piney odors we enjoy in forests. What we cannot sort out from their pleasant aroma is that these compounds are very flammable.Once stored, the energy can be used in different ways. For example, it can be used by the plant to produce wood or grow more needles in which more energy conversion will take place. It can be used as a source of food by animals that browse the leaves and twigs where the compounds are stored. The energy can also be used to produce sow in to germinate and produce another plant. This energy storing process takes place with shrubs and grasses as well as trees photosynthesis and the energy conversions and transfers that occur are complex, but the result is clear enough during one growing season in one acre of forest, enough sun energy is converted and stored in plant material to equal the energy reservoir in 300 gallons of gasoline.Fire and the ForestWe often regard fire as an agent of destruction, but to Nature, it is an agent of necessary change. Fire changes one form of energy to another. Green plants change light energy to chemical energy, fire changes chemical energy to heat energy. Fire breaks down complex organic molecules to smaller ones the same thing that occurs when we digest food. The protein in a piece of meat cannot be used directly by the human body to build cells and tissues. We must eat the meat before large protein molecules can be broken down to smaller amino acid molecules, recycled through our bodies, and rebu ilt into human tissue. When a fire changes a log to ash, nutrients bound in chemical compounds are released and changed to a form that is more water soluble. In this soluble form, nutrients percolating into the soil are again usable in the growth of other plants. Fire also effects a more visible change.Ash and nutrients occupy less office than trees and shrubs. By creating openings in forests, fire changes space relationships. Species that roost in these openings may be fire tolerant. other(a) species that cannot withstand fire are eliminated. Thus, fire changes both the composition and the density of the forest. This change will remain for several years and affect the fuels available during the next burning cycle. Scientists who study plant andanimal relationships tell us that forests in this part of the country owe their existence and continued presence to a long history of periodic fires. This association of some tree and shrub species with fire is an example of adaptation. Fo rests in Florida have existed here for at least 12,000 years.During that time, thousands of fires occurred annually. Plant species that survived these fires did so because of special features or characteristics they possessed. Plant species lacking these features were eliminated from frequently burned areas their distribution has been confined to areas where fires are less likely to occur, moist areas such as bays, swamps, and creek bottoms. Fires, like many natural events, are somewhat cyclic. The cycle is governed by conditions such as general climate, topography, soil type, existing vegetation, and other factors. Accordingly, the repeatability of the cycle varies. Before 1900, fire-susceptible areas probably had fires every 3 to 10 years. In areas less likely to burn, the cycle may repeat every 10 to 100 years. Cyclic, recurrent fires of the past 12,000 years were important agents of selection in determining plant species and distribution in Florida. Trees Born of FireSpecial ad aptive features have allowed some plants to survive naturally occurring fire. Adult southern pines have a thick bark that insulates the inner, living tissues from fires heat. Longleaf pine is so fire resistant that some trees almost always escape fires injurious effects. These trees become seed trees for the reforestation of a burned area. Sand pine exhibits all the same another adaptation for coping with fire. Sand pine cones remain closed until a fires intense heat opens the cone and allows the seeds to fall out.Seeds of cone-bearing trees that persist in fire-susceptible areas sprout and grow best under conditions created by fire soil free from litter, an increased nutrient reserve, plus open areas with plenty of sunlight. In contrast, species less adapted to fire, such as oaks, gums, cypress, and cedar do not usually reseed a burned area directly. Seedlings of these species prefer partial shade and plenty of moisture. Generally, they will reestablish only after some other type vegetation is present. The ChangingNatural fires keep Floridas forests dynamic, diverse, and beautiful. Florida was named by the early explorers because of the abundance of wildflowers inareas kept open by frequent fires. Historically, timber stands were replaced by young trees sometimes one type of forest was replaced by another. Changes in tree cover occur together with even more encompassing changes because a forest is more than just trees. A forest displays interdependence, interrelationships, and competition among trees, shrubs, flowers, grasses, big and little animals, soils, microbes, minerals and nutrients in soils, and the air pervading and surrounding all of these. A forest is a complex life system. Each part has a place and a function in its organization an organization called the forest ecosystem.Because all parts of the system are interrelated, no one part can change without a widespread effect throughout the entire system. Forest fires affect more than trees. Fire-c aused changes in ecosystems result in both melody and relief to plant and animal life both to individuals and to whole plant and animal communities. Thousands of years of natural fires achieved a dynamic balance between the stresses and relief. The fire-adapted pine forests thrived over vast areas. They provided habitat for hundreds of species of grasses and wildflowers, as well as dozens of animal species. All these species would quickly begin to decline in number and wellness and eventually disappear completely if fire is excluded. Fires Role in the EcosystemA Balancing ActScientists have studied forests and fires to determine the secret of Natures success in attaining this necessary balance. They have learned that a natural fire results from a certain fuel condition. Some forest types produce and accumulate fuels faster than others some decompose fuels more readily than others. However, at some point in time, every forest type has fuel of the right quantity and quality for that forest to be ready to burn. In the past, forest fires would benefit the whole forest ecosystem because their frequency and intensity was determined by the systems natural readiness to burn. When there is a departure from the natural fire point, the ultimate, inevitable fire will be more severe. Fed by extraordinary amounts of fuel, a fires intensity may increase beyond the beneficial point for some parts of the ecosystem. Soils can be overheated and root systems damaged. Living tree crowns, as well as dead needles and branches, may be reduced to ashes. The DilemmaScientists are studying things other than forests and fires things like population increases, wildlife needs, recreation needs and demands, increased hunting pressures, and a diminishing natural resource base. Obviously, all forest fires cannot be permitted to burn uncontrolled according to the whimsical dictates of lightning strikes or the carelessness of humans. Yet, in attempting to protect these forest values, the pow erful role of fire has almost disappeared from the ecosystem it once shaped and created. The inevitable release of natural energy is only postponed-the probability of a devastating wildfire is increased. How, then, can the powerful force of fire be used in a way that cooperates, not conflicts, with nature? No Simple SolutionPeriodic natural fires prevent the heavy buildup of fuel which, when ignited, can harm our forests and ecosystems. Controlling fires in accordance with Natures scheme must be based on fuel management. There is no general prescription or formula for controlling fuels. Forested sites differ, and objectives range from essentially unmanaged wilderness to intensively managed recreation areas. However, in areas where the forest management objectives require maintaining or reproducing forest or other natural communities natures method fire is a valuable and sound fuel management tool.Fires natural role in reducing fuels is partly replaced in timber-producing areas by the harvest and removal of wood products. However, slash, resulting from these activities, creates another fuel problem. Better use of harvested wood is one answer fire is another. Controlled burning of non useable slash further reduces the fuel load and provides nutrients for the plants and animals that inhabit the area. The technical and scientific refinement of ways to use fire as a management tool has been a major subject of forest research.Scientists are focusing on forest fuel chemistry, fire behavior, meteorology, and other fields to best determine when, where, and how excess fuels are to be burned. Only in the last century has fire in the forest been viewed as a monster. We are now beginning to realize that fire is a natural agent essential for maintaining the natural ecosystems of Florida. Fire isneither all good nor all bad. It is natural. It is powerful. In the proper places, in the right hands, at the right times, fire can be an asset and an ally. To employ fire as a us eful friend is much more logical than confronting it as an enemy.

Discuss the use of literary technigues Essay Example for Free

Discuss the use of literary technigues Essay felicitate and Prejudice by Jane Austen is a rattling accomplished book because of Austens clever and successful use of literary techniques. Literary techniques associate to the deliberate construction of language to further the story whether that be to develop character, biz, suspense or to realise an enjoyable humorous novel. Jane Austen applies many literary techniques such as arrest of view, dialogue, garner and sarcasm to herald the story of pluck and Prejudice. Pride and Prejudice is told in third person limited omnipresent level of view however mainly told finished Elizabeths consciousness. This point of view is a successful write up technique because it go againsts an insight into the characters, mainly Elizabeths thoughts, and in addition helps to create suspense. This technique also arouses the readers sympathy for Elizabeth because we can see that she is existence h geniusst to herself, which is essential if we are to desire her reform. The officers of the-shire were in general a very creditable, gentleman give care set. And the topper of them were of the present party hardly Mr Wickham was as far beyond them each in prison, countenance, air, and walk. (pg65) This is Elizabeths opinion of Mr Wickham that is subsequently found out to be completely wrong but the reader can see her sincerity. By using this technique Austen can also control how much the reader knows about event and emotions which helps to create suspense. In the first section of the novel Austen occasionally reports form Darcys consciousness so that the reader is do aware of his growing feeling for Elizabeth and to highlight that Elizabeth was prejudice when she made a wrong judgment against Darcy. Darcy had neer been so bewitched by any woman as he was by her.In Pride and Prejudice she does non report from Darcys point of view during the period between her two proposals, so that the reader, bid Elizabeth, is unce rtain whether he is lost forever. The dialogue in Pride and Prejudice is very successful in developing characters and advancing the plot. Austen brings her characters to life by having them reveal themselves or opposite characters reveal them to the reader through their dialogue, rather than through detailed narrative descriptions. Oh you are a great deal apt you know, to like people in general.You never see a fault in any body. All the ball are good and agreeable in your eyes. I never heard you speak ill of a human being in my life. This dialogue reveals Jane as being amiable, good-natured, and always assumes that others are as good-natured as she. In chapter three Darcys dialogue reveals his character to Elizabeth as being too proud. He thinks himself socially inferior to Elizabeth so declines from asking her to dance. This is one instance were the dialogue helps to create Elizabeths wrong judgement of Darcy and frankincense advancing her prejudice.She is tolerable but not han dsome enough to tempt me and I am in no humour at present to give consequence to young ladies who are slighted by other men. You had better return to your partner and enjoy her smiles, for you are wasting your time with me. (pg13) Darcys sense of social superiority later proves his chief difficulty in admitting his love for Elizabeth. This dialogue also helps to advance the plot as his rudeness creates a negative impression of him in her mind, one that will linger for nearly fractional of the novel, until the underlying nobility of his character is gradually revealed to her.The dialogue within Pride and Prejudice is a very significant part of the novel as it is a way revealing to the reader the characters and the plot progression. In addition to using dialogue, Austen also successfully uses letters to reveal character and to further the plot. The use of letters also allows Austen to introduce a character before they arrive such as Mr Collins in the letter of chapter 15. The letter is a popular literary convention that Austen weaves very cleverly into her novel. The letter in Chapter 7 from Jane to Elizabeth is an example of how Austen uses this technique successfully.I find myself very unwell this morning, which, I suppose, is to be im devoteed to my acquire wet through yesterday. This reveals Jane to be good hearted and none judgmental of her mother even though it was Mrs. bennet who intentionally sent her out into the rain. Jane did not once say it was Mrs. Bennets fault. The way Jane describes the Bingley sisters as my kind friends also reinforces her warm heart. therefore do not be alarmed if you should hear of his having been to me. Even though Jane is the one that is unwell she is always looking out for others so she sends the letter to reassure Elizabeth and make sure she does not worry.The letter also demonstrates character relation as Jane sent it to Elizabeth showing that they have a tightly fitting relationship. This letter also furthers the plot because as a result of this letter Elizabeth decides to visit Jane at Netherfield, which put Darcy and Elizabeth in more frequent and honest contact with each other. Just this one letter proves that the letter convention is a very successful narrative technique. Irony is the tension between literal sum and implied meaning. Austen is able to present the main themes, criticise some characters and add humour through the use of irony within Pride and Prejudice.Jane Austin establishes her ironic tone in the opening sentence of Pride and Prejudice. It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good deal must be in want of a wife. However the opposite is the case. The truth is well ameliorate into the district, that he is already considered the rightful property of one of their female childs. It now becomes a competition for which mother has the daughter who gets him. Jane Austen treats the characters in Pride and Prejudice with irony.Mr Bennet is a prime example as he himself is a very sarcastic and ironic character. What say you Mary? For you are a young lady of blockheaded reflection I know, and read great books, and make extracts. (pg9) Mr Bennet is being ironic because he knows that all Mary does is repeat what she reads and doesnt actually understand it so he is really poking fun at Mary. This is also dramatic irony because the reader knows that Mr Bennet is not serious, but Mary takes him seriously. Austen uses irony as the basis for the plot. The whole story is based around an ironic situation.Elizabeth prides herself on her observation of character but dislikes Darcy because she is under the mistaken impression that he disapproves of her. She is also mistaken by liking Wickham because he flatters her pride. In both cases she has judged incorrectly and begins her reform when she is given the truth in Darcy second proposal letter. The humour in Pride and Prejudice comes from this irony and from Austens gentle Satire. She laughs at human folly and social structure. Austin satirises chick Catherine de Bourgh unmercifully as a member of the autocracy.Jane Austin laughs at how Lady Catherine believes so strongly in the distinction between classes. Lady Catherine believes because she is in a higher class that she can influence whoever she wants but Austen is saying that the superiority in social class does not necessarily mean superiority in ethics, morals and intellect. Verbal and dramatic irony are a very successful literary technique in Pride and Prejudice as they create humour and criticise and develop characters. Jane Austin constructs Pride and Prejudice through the use of four main narrative techniques.Third Person omnipresent point of view mainly through Elizabeths consciousness has the advantages of allowing the reader to sympathise with Elizabeth while being able to give the reader the narrative objectively. Austens use of dialogue allows her to reveal the character without giving a long n arrative description. The use of a letter is proved very vital in Pride and Prejudice because plot and character development can be created in a couple of lines. Irony is also an eventful technique as it is the basic plot and creates the humour of the novel which is a great attraction to the reader.