Case Study On A Patients Neuropsychological Assessment

Case Study On A Patients neuropsychological AssessmentTL was referred for a follow-up neuropsychological assessment to determine current symptomatology and level of cognitive operation in light of executive dys mathematical function potentially manifesting itself, following traumatic brain injury incurred during a motor vehicle injury in November, 2008.TL is a 44 year old, right-handed male. sledding school at age 15, he pursued a c beer in media and publishing. Prior to injury, he had been living and working in Asia for the past 13 years, where his wife and child remain to date. TL in short finds himself unable to mentally cope with previous working environment demands, where resultant financial challenges make cater for his family unfeasible. History of alcohol abuse since age 16 has necessitated repeated AA involvement. He currently leads a precise restricted lifestyle, living alone in a single room and unable to handle practice daily challenges. He has served as an inpatient in hospital, as well as having had a mailboat of care set up at home.TL exhibits no recollection of the accident itself, where upon regaining consciousness, mandatory time to orient himself. Irregular retrograde amnesic episodes have been reported since, where he considers day-to-day memory to have improved markedly. TL has also experienced sporadic tonic seizures, for which he is receiving anti-epileptics. Most noticeably, he experiences challenges structuring daily life through multi-tasking and organization, where reliance on a notebook provides security, besides is maintained or so chaotically. Magnetic-resonance-imaging revealed damage to large portions of the left frontal lobe and anterior temporal pole, as well as glib sclerosis following intra-cerebral haemorrhages in the cerebrospinal fluid.TL expressed frustrations well-nigh inability to work and the implications for reunifying his family, but seemed generally optimistic that with time, normality would return.Formal assessmentBehaviour during testingTL attended the posing unaccompanied and punctually, appearing sober. He was attentive and oriented to time, location and the investigator. There was no evidence of nomenclature or hearing impairments, and motor movements and dexterity appeared normal. He was co-operative and motivated to engage with presented tasks but was ardent about minimizing severity of his condition, insisting on marked improvements and anticipated return to normality. Based on these observations, test results are deemed legitimate estimates of present cognitive functioning but caution was undertaken in assessing self-reports in light of tendencies to disparage difficulties and restricted insights to own condition.General intellectual abilitiesTaking into consideration educational and occupational background, his pre-morbid functioning as interpreted by the National-Adult-Reading-Test-(NART-FSIQ) was average. Intellectual assessment using the Wechsler-Adult-Intelligence-Sc ale-(WAIS-III) suggests that verbal IQ was preserved, with abilities in vocabulary skills by defining words, reasoning skills and simple arithmetic falling within normal range. In contrast, his performance IQ, reflecting attending to detail, sequencing and abstract conceptualization abilities, was markedly reduced and estimated below average, highlighting significantly impaired problem-solving abilities since the accident.Memory functionFormal memory assessments indicated a severe global deficit in ability to consolidate and retort information in both immediate and delayed tasks, substantiating memory deficits documented in universal life. This impairment extended to both verbal and non-verbal items, presenting marked difficulties in immediately recognizing words and faces (

Water, Food And Agriculture

Water, Food And AgricultureWater plays a resilient role in life. Without piss, existence of life is not possible. Without piddle, agriculture is not possible. Without agriculture, we cannot meet the ever ascent demand for intellectual nourishment.Climate change, as we all know is disastrously masking our environment and the ecological balance. Glaciers, tripe bergs and the north and south poles are melting at a rate high than ever. This is greatly changing the water oscillation. Climate change thus severely affects the water levels.Climate change exit suck up a momentous effect on agriculture in terms of water quality and quantity. This go out be aggravated by the increasing demand for provender as populations and incomes increase.For centuries together, farmers suck in locally nonionised the water cycle through irrigation and drainage. The change in the hydrological cycle give influence the verdant practices.The plain population of the starting countries, for whom agriculture is the primary source of income and employment, will be unnatural due to agricultures picture to the changing modality.In this report, we shall discuss about the effect of mode change on water resources and agricultural practices which in turn affects the nourishment supply.GLOBAL PERSPECTIVEClimate change has a huge clashing on the world as a whole. The impact of climate change on the farmers is perhaps something which or so passel have not given a thought about. On the contrary, this seems to be one(a) of the nearly important problems facial gestured due to climate change. Climate change has a major impact on the availability of water and withstand formula. This triggers a chain of events. As water availability and last approach pattern changes, farmers have the only option of changing their agricultural patterns to adapt to the surroundings. They often turn to chemicals such as fertilizers to increase their yield. Some even quit farming and turn to oth er professions. This is usually prevalent among farmers who have a low income as they do not have enough money to buy these chemicals and the insane weather conditions patronagely lead to crop failures. This leads to a drastic decline in amount of food produced and thus leads to food scarcity. Food scarcity leads to a heave in food prices and thus unequalized distribution of food among the globe as a whole.According to a report published by United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) on 11 June 2011, the world will face a water scarcity for agriculture as a result of climate change. In the survey name Climate Change, Water and Food Security, climate change will reduce the amount of water in river run-offs and aquifer rechargers in the Mediterranean and semi-arid areas of the Americas, Australia and Southern Africa. Asia, where farm push downs are irrigated by snowmelt from glaciers, will be affected and the river deltas will face reduction in water supply. Loss of gl aciers which support more than 40% of worlds irrigation will disastrously affect the amount of surface water available for irrigation. There will be acceleration in the hydrological cycle which increases the rate of evaporation of water from land and sea. This will increase rain pass off in tropical areas and higher latitudes while a decrease will be felt in semi-arid and mid-arid latitudes and the interior of the continents. An increase in the growing season of northern temperate zones and a decrease al approximately everywhere else will be seen.1The same report also gives some suggestive measures which countries can undertake. One key area requires countries to implement improve and maintain water accounts, which involves collecting data on amount of water used, transferred, etc. and analyzing them to come decisions on how water resources can be managed. At farm level, farmers can change cropping patterns to ascertain the weather pattern. Efficiency can be enhanced by introduc ing soil moisture conservation practices. Mixed agroforestry, match to the report, also holds promise. Going by the report, these above mentioned systems can sequester carbon and offer additional benefits manage reduced evaporation rates, and upgraded soil conservation and water withholding capacity.2_____________________________________________________________________________________1 UN News June 11 2011 http//www.un.org/apps/ news/story.asp?NewsID=38673.USyhm966ZLM2 FAO Report June 11 2011 http//www.fao.org/news/story/en/item/79964/icode/NATIONAL PERSPECTIVEIndia displays an bulky array of climatic conditions from the high altitudes of Himalayas to the long coasts, from the parched deserts of the West to the forests of the East. Owing to these complications, the effect of climate change will fluctuate across the country depending on the climatic conditions.In India almost 360 meg people are undernourished and 300 million people is poor.3Agriculture in India principally dep ends on the South West Monsoon, a short three month period. Hence, any deviation in this pattern will disrupt agriculture. Predicted effects include a drop in wheat production. Experiments have prove a 0.40C rise in the annual surface temperature. A predicted increase in maximum and borderline temperatures is sure to affect the ecosystems and water supply. Important rivers like Cauvery, Ganga and Narmada are presumable to experience seasonal and frequent water shortages.4In India, impact of climate change will increase sub-regional disparities and more extreme rainfall. This is ruinous in a country that obtains about 100 hours of rainfall in a year. A subject conducted by the human beings Bank in two droughts prone pleads and a flood prone state revealed that farmers in the drought prone states will see their income reduce by 20% and sugarcane yields fall by 25% while flooding will vividly lessen the rice yields by 12% in the other state.3The fertile Indo-gangetic plain will face a drop in fall by 5% which will fatally decrease the growing period. Large parts of central India will surely see a rise in the surface temperatures thereby lethally decreasing the yield of most crops. The climatic shifts are related to the fate of regional crop and livestock yields and the chronic hunger emplacement of Indian society show that farmers are unable to handle and adapt to the weather pattern.5According to a choose conducted by the Central Research Institute for Dry land Agriculture, Kharif crops will be affected by the rainfall variability while the Rabi crops will be affected by the rising temperatures. The study has also shown that wheat (staple food of northern India) will be affected by the temperature while the rice crop (staple food of southern India) will be affected by both the increase in temperature and decreasing rainfall. Legumes have proven to benefit from the increased temperature but have failed to withstand the water paucity. other thing to no te is that milk production will decrease as the yielding capacity of the intimidate decreases as temperature increases.6_____________________________________________________________________________________3 http//www.in.undp.org/content/dam/india/docs/undp_climate_change.pdf4 http//www.indiaclimateportal.org/What-climate-change- symbolises-for-India5 http//www.hindustantimes.com/business-news/WorldEconomy/Climate-change-induced-food-nightmare-stares-India/Article1-706704.aspx6 http//cdkn.org/2012/01/agriculture-and-climate-change-in-india/PERSONAL PERSPECTIVEChennai, as a metropolitan, does not face any consequences of climate change on agriculture. But this does not mean that it does not face any problems regarding food supply and water scarcity. As a matter of fact, food prices are soaring and water shortage is becoming an inevitable crisis.Scientists predict a 20C rise in temperature and drop in production of crops by 20%7Data has shown an increase in the temperature of sea surf ace by 0.310C between 1981 and 2001 April and an increase by 0.150C between 1981 and 2001 October. Although this seems to be a small change, the wrongfulness done is catastrophic to the aquatic life. The frequency of spawning of fish has decreased. Thus the total catch has decreased everywhere time. This has greatly affected the availability of this fish.8I conducted a survey in my neighborhood on this topic. ground on the results, it can be found that there will be a definite hike in food prices in the coming days. This can be attributed to the unpredictable nature of the rains which is caused due to globular warming. This is also reduced by less and less area coming under the cultivated land which is accelerated by the growth of industries and extensive use of fertilizers which has led to farmlands turning into wastelands. The prices of Mango, Eggplants, Rice, etc. are likely to rise. Water scarcity is also being faced and will continue to be faced in Chennai if no measures ar e taken. This is mainly because of the increasing number of complexes which use too much ground water leaving very less behind. Chennai also does not have any natural reservoir as such to store rain water.9The complete survey can be found in Annexure A_____________________________________________________________________________________7 http//www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/article1156870.ece8 http//www.icrier.org/pdf/Policy_Series_No_16.pdf9 Survey conducted. This can be found in Annexure APOSSIBLE SCNEARIOCurrently, the world as a whole faces a food crisis mainly due to climate change. If these continue with no preventive measures being taken, a chain of events will occur which will in conclusion lead to apocalypse.Due to water scarcity, farmers tend to pull out more water from the ground thereby depleting the ground water resources and destroying the water table. Then, there would be less water available for farmers to use for irrigation. more(prenominal) importantly, ther e would be less water to quench the thirsts of the world. This will lead to heavy food shortage problems which will definitely lead to hike in food prices.Most likely, history will repeating itself. In 1789, a major event occurred that changed the course of time. It was the French revolution and its main cause was food shortage and the rise in food prices. Perhaps, another revolution might get sparked all oer the world that would lead to a change in the course of time again. It might be for the greater good, or it might just lead to deaths, sickness and finally the end of the human race.Another focal point of emotional stateing at this is that as all those who are unable to afford the high prices of food will just perish due to hunger and malnourishment. The population of the country decreases and the problem of overpopulation are overcome. But, as people start dying, the countrys production reduces. The countries all over the world slowly start becoming undeveloped.As this acco mplish takes place, riots will occur and countries will disintegrate. Wars will emerge and will perhaps lead to the third World War which will be fought for water and food. Basically, cataclysm will be raining down and the Dooms daylight will dawn.Either way, there will be an end to our species if we do not take agile actions to prevent these extreme situations.POSSIBLE COURSE OF ACTIONIf we were to solve the root of all these problems, then we would look at climate change and global warming. But solving this is not contained by the potential of one country. So, we have to observe adaption strategies for the problems mentioned in this report.Firstly, we exact to improve our research methods for forecasting floods. We also need to develop hybrid varieties for crops to make them withstand droughts and high temperatures. These should be available to the farmers at an affordable rate. The changing weather pattern should be analysed. Farmers should be made aware of this pattern so tha t they can plan their practices to match with the weather pattern to ensure greater yield and productivity.At the farm level, water management should be made compulsory. Although simple, crop rotation can do wonders. Farmers should reduce their dependence on ground water. Farmers should position more effective means to irrigate their lands. Drip irrigation and water sprinklers are effective. They should intensify cropping patterns for increased production. action of fertilizers should be matched with the irrigation. This will also help in escalating the yield.Finally, everyone should be educated and made aware of the flow rate crisis faced by the world. This will make them realise the threat and motivate them to take steps in conserving water and food.PERSONAL RESPONSEAfter researching on this topic, I am very much come to about the effects of climate change on agriculture. It directly influences the weather and amount of potable water thereby causing water scarcity and crop fai lures which eventually leads to food shortages. There is an unquestionable need for us to save water and stop lavishly frivolling away with food. If we do not do so the future generations will perish with nothing left to survive on. This is my opinion after researching on this topic. raillery Count 1,977 wordsBIBLIOGRPAHYInternet Pages Resourcedhttp//www.ifpri.org/publication/impact-climate-variability-and-climate-change-water-and-food-outcomes Retrieved on 24 February 2013http//copa-cogeca.eu/img/user/file/Climate/5660%20version%20E.pdf Retrieved on 24 February 2013http//www.fao.org/news/story/en/item/79964/icode/- Retrieved on 26 February 2013http//www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=38673.USyhm966ZLM- Retrieved on 26 February 2013http//www.guardian.co.uk/lifeandstyle/2009/oct/11/food-climate-change-famine-india- Retrieved on 27 February 2013http//www.trust.org/alertnet/news/implications-of-climate-change-on-indian-agriculture-is-it-a-food-or-famine-situation Retrieved on 27 February 2013http//www.hindustantimes.com/business-news/WorldEconomy/Climate-change-induced-food-nightmare-stares-India/Article1-706704.aspx Retrieved on 27 February 2013http//www.nato.int/docu/review/2012/Food-Water-Energy/India_Nexus_Climate_resources_stability/EN/index.htm Retrieved on 27 February 2013http//www.researchgate.net/post/Climate_change_affects_the_distribution_of_rainfall_in_Indian_subcontinent_How_can_we_find_strategies_to_avoid_impacts_on_food_crops11 Retrieved on 27 February 2013http//cdkn.org/2012/01/agriculture-and-climate-change-in-india/ Retrieved on 27 February 2013http//www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/article1156870.ece Retrieved on 28 February 2013http//www.icrier.org/pdf/Policy_Series_No_16.pdf Retrieved on 28 February 2013Reportshttp//www.fao.org/docrep/014/i2096e/i2096e.pdf Retrieved on 26 February 2013http//www.icrier.org/pdf/Policy_Series_No_16.pdf Retrieved on 28 February 2013http//www.adaptationlearning.net/sites/default/files/India%20UND P_Climate_Change.pdf Retrieved on 1 expose 2013

Marketing Strategies For Enterprise Branding Of Tesco China Marketing Essay

merchandising Strategies For Enterprise Branding Of Tesco China Marketing EssayThis try on mainly presents merchandise strategies for enterprise branding in Chinese markets of the British smart set Tesco (Tesco Co. LTD). The marketing strategies ar divided into different aspects which contain the External Analysis, Budgeting, Products, Services, Market Segmentation, the Brand and the Welfare State. As rat be seen from the essay, the services seem to be known as the most important calculate of the marketing strategies.Tesco (Tesco co. LTD), which was founded in 1919, is known as one of the most successful supermarkets around the world, in foothold of profits, reaching 59.4bn in sales at the end of 2009 according to the financial tell apartments 2009 ( vermiform process 1). Whilst many areas of the world whitethorn have been partially penetrated by supermarkets, the Chinese mainland market is treated as a totally spic-and-span opportunity for the fast-paced information of Tes co. Since 2004, the year when Tesco opened the first supermarket in China, this world famous phoner opened 89 mass merchandisers, 12 convenience stores and 4 Lifespace obtain plaza mainly cover charge 30 cities through verboten China.According to Terry Leahy, the Chief Executive of Tesco, At a time when guests allplace are feeling the economic strain, we are responding to their changing needs in all our markets by sour prices, introducing much affordable products and offering even sharper promotions. He overly points out that these actions, combined with their force strengths in selling sustenance and everyday essentials, owning their own property and having a broad business base, are helping them to cope well with the effects of the downturn. All of this gives credit to their marketing strategies.The increasingly perfected marketing strategies seem to be defined as one of the main factors which have helped Tesco register remarkable achievements, non only in sales yet in addition in business evolution during that period of time. This essay will explain the marketing strategies for enterprise branding of Tesco in China.OverviewWith the fast-paced permeation of high technology, the sell pile, which is closely bound up with peoples daily life, is becoming a focus of societys attention. However, in the retail trade industry, supermarkets are seen as the most fundamental form of marketing, non only provides consumers with the choice of food, but also non-food choices, such as electrical appliances and clothing. According to Mohan (2009), with the development of economic globalization, infinite commercial opportunities are provided for those transnational retail trade companies which are planning to land their ideally attractive markets. As the UKs outsizest and worlds third largest food product retailers, Tesco has adequately played a role of leader in this situation through the same industrial level, in damage of the ability of using IT to exc avate the referable data and the marketing strategies to strengthen the trueness index of consumers and the brand share.On December 8, 2010, Tesco in China reported its results for the third quarter of financial year 2010/2011. According to the report for China, there was a strong growth in global business group sales increased by 8.8%, transnational business grew by 15.7% of total sales. UK business keep to perform well, total sales increased by 5.0%. Asian markets had a rapid growth, in terms of a sales growth of 23.4%. It is particularly worth mentioning is Tesco in China opened the fourth LifeSpace shopping plaza in Anshan with the business occupancy rate of 96%.(Data available on http//www.cn.tesco.com/en/ intelligence information/tesco_news1_143.htm)The Necessity of developing the International MarketThe sustained and rapid development of the economy successfully promoted the international business expansion among a large number of retail trade companies the choice of inte rnational markets can somehow extend the products life cycle and ease the pressures in the local market disputation. The main factors why Tesco chose the expansion of international operations are shown belowBritains retail market is currently in the turn stage, therefore, selecting a new breakthrough is unavoidable europiums retailers are faced with increasingly intense outside(a) challenges and competition at present hence, it is a wise measure to develop the potential market outside EuropeTesco now has established branches in 14 countries, as is shown in Appendix 2. As the UKs largest retailer, Tesco has the ability to get along and balance its worldwide operationsIn order to surmount the large number of international competitors, it is necessary for Tesco to increase its market share.Tescos marketing strategy in ChinaExternal AnalysisStrategy development or review logically starts with external analysis, an analysis of factors external to a business that can consider strate gy. Tesco uses a particularly useful concept in conducting an external analysis, which is called strategical questions this kind of question much suggests subquestions, each of these sub-questions can, in turn, generate still another level of sub-subquestions. This really helps Tesco know what their consumers are spontaneous to buy. Just as Aaker (1995) said The goal of external analysis is to influence strategy by identifying opportunities, threats, trends, and strategic questions. Its ultimate goal is to improve strategic choices-decisions as to where and how to compete. Further more, external analysis also helps Tesco focus on a single segment or attempt to serve multiple segments, perhaps obtaining across-segment synergies.BudgetingTesco uses the budget as the most efficient tool for management planning and controlling in China. According to McLaney (2008), Budgets do not exist in a Vacuum they are an important part of a planning fashion model that is adopted by well-run bus inesses. Therefore, a well-prepared budgeting is necessary for a company to develop in an international market.ProductsLachman (1986) pointed out that marketers can expand their range of products in order to enhance consumers satisfaction. Driven by the global economic integration, many Chinese consumers began to slowly accept Western culture, as well as the imported food which is produced by the majority of Western suppliers. As an international business, Tesco is able to leverage the advantages of a distribution for the Chinese market with a large number of imported products.While taking into account the price, the quality of the products has been remunerative more attention by consumers currently. Kayl, the CFO of Tesco, said that the only way to assure the establishment of a permanent link between us and consumers is strictly monitoring the quality of the products. Tesco can satisfy retailers, suppliers and customers, jumper cable to a win-win situation.ServicesFirstly, althou gh there are many 24-hour convenience stores, the size is not large enough. However, Tesco has achieved a breakthrough in this regard, that is to say building larger stores around the world.Secondly, with the fast-paced development of the Internet, a large number of consumers will choose to shop online Tesco has not only improved their services, and its online service is also forever being renovated, so that consumers can enjoy the fun of online shopping. According to Tescos official website, the online shopping sales in 2009 added 30.9%, profits create an increase of 49.2% compared with 2008. Tesco.com possesses 100 million customers in 2009. (Data available on Tesco official website)Thirdly, when the holidays come, it is communal that there will appear problems in supply of goods suppliers and collection trunks in many supermarkets. Faced with this problem, Tesco also has its own response. Tesco and suppliers are using the suppliers management systems that can have quick replen ishments, in order to constrict the rate of the stores OOS (out of stock). In addition, Tesco has also installed self-service cash registers, consumers can check out by see their product, which greatly eases the pressure of collection, saving consumers time.Fourthly, Tesco has for a long time implemented a system of social rank cards. This system is not a simple devotion program of filling prescriptive points for exchanging prizes it is defined as a combination between information technology, database creation, and analyses of consumers, then accordingly to guide and access to more correct customer segments, more targeted marketing strategies and customer relationship management system. The magnetic strip card and electronic scanning technology is really helpful to analysis each members buying preferences and consumption patterns, Tesco can not only design the personalized quarterly newsletters for different sub-groups, but also greatly enhance the customer satisfaction and loy alty.Fifthly, as the saying goes The consumers satisfaction is basically from the employees satisfaction. Therefore, Tesco is not only concerned about the interests of consumers, but also pays more attention to the interests of their employees. For example, in order to reduce the work pressure of their employees, Tesco provide every cashier with a seat when they are doing their work.To sum up, Tesco has been working to improving their products and services, in terms of endlessly trying to make up for its own shortcomings and to enhance consumers satisfaction, for instance, some Tesco stores are planning to set up larger parking lots to satisfy Chinas increasing growth of car ownership.3.5 Market Segmentation found on the consumers preferences, the customers are divided into six sub-groups by Tesco there are eight sub-groups which are distributed by life stage and according to purchasing habits and behavior patterns consumers are divided into as many as 5,000 groups. The benefits wh ich Tesco is gained from the detailed market segmentation includemore targeted pricing strategiesmore selective procurement plansmore personalized promotionsmore attentive customer servicesmore measurable marketing effectsmore convincing market researchThe benefits stated above provide a promotion of consumers satisfaction and loyalty to Tesco.BrandAnother commendable marketing strategy is co-branding program, or in other words several(prenominal) strong brands federatively launch a customer loyalty program. Such as for womens Me Time, family women can accumulate points in exchange for their daily purchases in beauty, hair products, or discount coupons for some companies. In these activities, Tesco and those co-operated brands achieved the effect of win-win. At the same time, Tesco has also introduced a large number of own brand products, and compared with those brands, Tescos own brand saved a lot of costs of publicity, and packaging is relatively simple, hence, Tesco has a compar ative advantage (cost of sales is glower than others) in price.3.7 The Welfare StateTesco has a relatively impeccable welfare state, includes retirement security, unemployment insurance system and workers compensation. According to Maks (1990), all three types of welfare security measures effectively improved the situation that welfare state policies create failures that in the real world are more serious than those that they are imagined to cure, since the employees rights and interests are powerful ensured.ConclusionAs a result, with the increasingly perfected marketing strategies in China, in terms of the external analysis, budgeting, products, service, market segmentation, the brand and the welfare state, Tesco has delivered solid sales and profits in China, whilst continuing to invest in long-term strategy for growth. Tesco has made a good start to the new financial year, 2011, and Tesco will impact to make good progress even in this unknown and unstable global economic envi ronment.Appendix(Available on http//www.tescoplc.com/plc/media/pr/pr2009/2009-04-21/)Appendix 1 TESCO GROWTH IN TOUGH TIMES (Financial Statement)21 April 200953 weeks ended 28 February 20092008/9Growth vs 2007/853-week basisGroup sales (inc. VAT)59.4bn15.1%Group gross (ex. VAT)54.3bn15.1%Group trading profit3,090m12.4%Underlying profit in the first place tax3,128m10.0%Group profit before tax2,954m5.5%Underlying diluted earnings per share28.92p11.0%Diluted earnings per share27.31p2.6%Dividend per share11.96p(Available on http//www.cn.tesco.com/en/news/tesco_news1_143.htm)The part of distributions of Tesco around the worldCountryEntrance YearNumber of shopsUK1897Czechoslovakia199635Hungary199487Poland1995105Turkey20038China200489Japan2003111Malaysia200113South Korea199962

Unethical issues of AIG

Unethical issues of AIGCompany tale American International Group, Inc is a ac confederacy whose operation began back in 1919. It was established back therefore by Cornelius Vander Starr as an insurance place in Shanghai, China. AIG left china in 1949 after Starr had established himself as the westerner the betray insurance to the Chinese people. AIG headquarters and then set uped from china to spic-and-span York City, which is lock away the headquarters up to date. It is from here that AIG began its elaborateness tapping into former(a) food set upets such as the Latin America, Asia, Middle East and Europe with use of its deputizesidiaries. It was in 1962 when Starr transferred management of AIG United states holdings to Maurice R. Greenberg. Greenberg introduced policies that make the company shift from its original personal insurance background to anew high tell onet corporate targeted get over. The new management under Greenberg went on to focus in the offset p rintingly place on selling AIGs insurance packages through independent brokers. This deviated from the initial transcription which made use of company agents thus eliminating the agents salaries. This move aimed at bring protrude the expenses of the company only when it led to decreased sales in any(prenominal) of the companys products. Greenberg was named the successor to Starr in the year 1968. In the followe year 1969 AIG first went public. The start of problems facing AIG began during the promote of Greenberg as AIGs chief operating officer. It was during tenure that the company expand from its initial line of insurance into opposite galore(postnominal) complex lines of crease and insuring risks that only a few another(prenominal) companies would account handling. This led to the pursuit of the company in businesses that it did non richly comprehend. AIG started investing in galore(postnominal) unalike types of securities which included mortgage backed securities and excessively citation derivatives trading. AIG then went ahead to become a leading player in these markets, insuring other companys debt obligations against losses due to its excellent creed entry rating at the time. It was AIGs pecuniary Product Unit (AIGFP) that brought ab out(p) the fall of the company, due to its disastrous credit swaps product. AIGFP was founded in the year 1987 by three Drexel Burnham Lambert Traders who were led by a Howard Sosin, a finance scholar. They convinced Greenberg base on the companys abdominal aortic aneurysm credit rating to create a division which focused on complex derivatives trade. Greenberg and Sosin signed an agreement in which 38 percent of funds earned went to AIGFP while the remainder 62 percent went to AIG. If things had to go severely down the line it was AIG and not AIGFP that would be on the hook. AIGFP continued its expansion program opening ramifyes in other countries such as London, capital of Japan and even Paris.Desp ite the fact that AIGFP had never made even a single credit swap by the year 1998 the unit had revenue of over $500 million (Tpmckraker, 2009).. It was in 1998 that AIG was approached by JP with a end to insure JP Morgans Complex corporate debt. It was stated by Gary Gorton, a Yale dividing line Professor that the chance of AIGFP not paying out these deals was al virtually 99.85 percent. This was based on the causaing that for the unit to pay out these deals the economy would accommodate to be in a full blown recession and that in this situation the counter parties would have already been wiped out. It was with this deal that AIGFP agreed for the first credit swap with Savage the then CEO signing the deal. afterwards in 1998 Cassano replaced Savage as CEO of the company. Although Cassano was not experienced in the complicated assessment of risks using computer models he was gifted in accounting and credit. It was through Cassanos strong desire to succeed that led to growing o f the units revenue to 1 million in a year and also led to a significant growth in the number of employees to cd in 2005.AIG What went wrong?The start of problems facing AIG began during the tenure of Greenberg as AIGs CEO. It was during tenure that the company expanded from its initial line of insurance into other many complex lines of business and insuring risks that only a few other companies would consider handling. It was in the year 2002 that AIGFP was charged by the justice section for lawlessly helping PNC Financial Services to not correctly show their spoilt assts in their books. AIGFP did this by setting up a separate company special purpose entity to handle all the issues cerebrated to the assets of the PNC firm. By doing so AIGFP was alleged of breaking the securities law by setting up the company by the Feds that would invest in the firm making it appear real. It was until 2004 that AIG would fully settle the charges against it. It was asked to view as back over $45 million in fees, a fine of $80 million and in addition give up all the interest it had earned on the deal. The unit was not formally sanctioned due to the incident but the justice department placed it on a short leash. It was in March of 2005 that Greenberg stepped down as the CEO amidst investigations on allegations of accounting malpractices at the firm by the New York Attorney General Eliot Spitzer. The issue under investigation by then was not directly related to AIGFP, but the effects of the dealings eventually affected the operations of the unit negatively. Following the spill of Greenberg at the helm of the company and in addition the investigations ongoing within the boldness the credit ratings agencies downgraded the companys credit worth from AAA to AA. This reduction in AIGS credit rating led to provisions in some of AIGFPs credit carelessness swaps. This made AIG to pay in indirect for the deals over $1 zillion. This was the mark of many dark days for the unit. It was until later in the year that Eugene commonalty an executive at AIGFP was named to closely look at the portfolio containing the firms credit default on on swaps. The evidence was alarming in that the unit had insured many CDOs that had extensive proportions of it as sub prime mortgages. This meant that in any situation where the housing market had to collapse the risk of default was too high. This coming up after the downgrading of the units credit ratings indicated an increase chance that AIGFP had to come up with collateral to pay out all the bets it had made in the past. After Cassano was intercommunicate of the report he put up a group of investment funds bank researchers whose prime job was to assess the risks posed by the sub prime mortgages. The credit default swaps were stopped later in 2005 but this came as a case of too little to late owing to the fact that Cassano could not avoid obligations to his unit of over $80 billion worth that was in the form of coll ateralized debts that were inform of already made swaps in the books of AIGFP. In the year 2007 with the collapse of the housing market and plummeting in app stick out of sub prime assets AIG was supposed to pay a sum of $1.5 billion to Goldman Sachs based on the credit default swaps insured by AIG to cover the mortgage backed securities. During the same year AIG had to pay $2 billion to meet the demands of other firms that made collateral demands. It was during this year that the stock prices of AIG roughshod 25 percent and a reported loss of $1.1 billion in portfolio swaps in AIGFP. The problems facing AIG continued further with the company reporting a loss of $11.5 billion and in addition $5.3 billion posted as collateral in February of 2008. AIG would get further shock as the credit rating agencies planned to further downgrade the companys credit ratings as at September of 2008. This would trigger needs for more collateral that the company would not handle.What was unethical a bout AIG? What was unethical about AIG was that the company would hand out multi-million dollar a bonus to its over 450 employees operating in its sestet offices around the world. After handing out these bonuses AIG still had the guts to accept a government bail out plan, this was as the country underwent recession with most of its citizens unemployed and barely making ends meet. AIG also conducted some unethical way with its executives dealing in unethical pecuniary reporting practices and illegal brokerage house as uncovered during a recent investigation by New York Attorney General Eliot Spitzer (Cooper, 2006).AIG Whistleblower Former AIG CEO Greenberg claimed that following his departure internal controls he had established during his 40 years at the helm of the company had been abandoned. This was made in comments written to the made House oversight and Government Reform Committee. In the comments Greenberg accused Robert Willumstad and Martin Sullivan who were both his s uccessors as the CEO of AIG of being unable to execute enough oversight on AIGFPs division. And it was for this reason that the company faced a lot of troubles emanating from the divisions $500 billion portfolio. Greenberg claimed that the branch which was formed in 1987 was the company beginning to its downfall. Reports said that until this time AIG had woolly $50 billion and made a $25.9 billion in mark to market losses. This was related to securities the company held in its investment portfolio and its CDS value. Greenberg in his garner said that within the nine months a lot of credit collaterals default swaps had been made leading to increased obligations on the companys debt. This he said was different during his tenure and it was after he left office that most of the default swaps done by AIGFP were exposed to sub prime mortgages. . This led to the pastime of the company in businesses that it did not fully comprehend. AIG started investing in many different types of securit ies which included mortgage backed securities and also credit derivatives trading. AIG then went ahead to become a leading player in these markets, insuring other companys debt obligations against losses due to its excellent credit rating at the time.AIG today. AIGs next is still not clear after facing years of problems. It is flat a year since AIG was bailed out by the federal government and the company is still in a transition. The company is undergoing several transformations that include increased efforts to appoint a new chief executive officer, its initiative to sell most its non core assets tied to the firm and the increased anticipation lock off of its new Chartis brand dealing with its commercial property operations. AIG is still faced with the responsibility of repaying federal loans handed to it by the government which arrive to billions of dollars. This is further complicated by the fact that it is still unknown how lots the governments patience will last. All the ab ove reasons lead to the inpower of experts to calibre the companys future (Time. The fishy capitalist, 2009). The future of AIG is still dependent on the financial market stabilization. The companys policy holders are encouraged by the companys gradual rise from its problems. The process of redefining AIG i.e. prompted shifts in capacity has led to some of its clients having to reassess how they relate to the insurer. Most of the companys clients have chosen to remain loyal and appreciate the efforts made by the combine AIG and Chartis. Clients believe that the decision by the company to re brand its casualty operations was a step in the chasten direction. Although the Chartis spin off expected to be in the form of a public offering date has not been set, Chartis made a advanced start by explaining that it would take some time to its clients. AIG though loosen up in the process of disposing its noncore assts has made it clear that it would make sure that it gets the aline valu e of its businesses through the process. The other looming question on AIGs future is its ability to repay the government bail out loans.ReferencesTop of FormCooper, R. W. (2006) enquiry in Ethical Issues in Organizations Spitzers Allegations ofUnethical/Illegal Behavior Has the insurance Industrys Ethical Environment Really Changed Dramatically? New York Emerald Group print Limited.Mary, D. M., Irene, N. M. Victoria, S. (2006) AIG Accounting and Ethical Lapses. NewYork Emerald Group Publishing LimitedTime. The curious Capitalist. (2009, Aug). AIG Still a company. Retrieved October 5, 2009, from http//www.time.com/ AIG Still a company The Curious Capitalist TIME.com.htm

Facing challenges of change at British Airways

Facing ch e rattlingenges of change at British Air behaviorsAirline line of stimulate is a difficult compevery. It has been well-kn take in in the direction of being the princip wholey economical company in all over the world. Marketing executive must also be ready for effect on the way to manage through and through the challenges of this variety of vexation.British Airways is unmatched of the commercialize po got within the airlines persistence in U.K. The corporation has it huge fortune. The airline is commit towards quality- attend to. In count, it has its aggressive advantages. British Airways has enormous opportunity of increasing and get better of its services.In this we discuss ab knocked out(p) the various challenges of change go about by the British Airways and in what way it is approaching the procedure of change. incomingBritish Airways is cardinal of the leading airlines in the world. This trip traces the airlines report and discusses the do of turn near ly during the 1980s under the leadership of Lord King and Colin Marshall.The case also discusses the subsequent turbulent period under chief executive transfericer move Ayling and the challenges faced, including recess, competition, terrorism and the Gulf war. The case closes with an outline of the tasks ahead of the incumbent CEO Rod Eddington. The case can be utilisationd to illustrate the richness of leadership in bringing about cultural change.Challenges faced by British AirwaysThe economic conditions that prevailight-emitting diode throughout 2009/10 were the most severe they own ever encountered. As a result of the worst street corner for 60 years, their patience has faced a series of permanent structural changes that entertain drastically reduced their revenues in the short term and throw away for fair changed the economics of running a bountifulness airline.These chores are in themselves formidable. But, in addition, British Airways faced a list of daunting challenges of its own. These included the wish to Raise finance at a time of continuing crisis in the debt markets Radically reduce their historic address constitute swap on the job(p) practices Complete their planned merger with Iberia Win an acceptable anti-trust sympathy to join forces with American Airlines and Iberia on North Atlantic routes and Tackle their 3.7 zillion pensions shortfall successfully.Twelve months on, they can feel satisfied that on ein truth one of these issues, they hold up either encounterd or do significant growth in overcoming the challenges they faced.Permanent changeThey entered the recession financially strong and with their fleet replacing plans fully financed to 2013. In August 2009, they successfully raised 350 million through a convertible bond issue, providing them with the finance to keep investing in their logical argument enterprise and maintain their focthem on excellent service as the recession runs its course. Over the year t hey reduced their unit be by 6.5 per cent. Their arouse bill fell by nearly 600 million, accounting for a erect element of this decrease. Unit damages excluding fuel also fell by 1.8 per cent. This was truly a remarkable achievement. It is hard enough to cutcosts when capacity is rising to do so when capacity is in astute decline is real difficult indeed. Their cost base is now removed more than competitive, meaning they are well placed to achieve more profitable growth in the future. They successfully carried the majority of their workforce with them in do changes to working practices, including their pilots and engineers. A number of staff take a crap quelling the Company on voluntary terms. They have succeeded in introducing permanent cost step-downs across the airline, including reductions in crew complements. Regrettably, these changes were met by un thoified strike action mechanism by Unites cabin crew branch. BASSA misrepresented the Companys smudge to its mem bers, failed to represent the views of the majority of cabin crew and has been intent on a confrontation with the airline. The colossal majority of their employees recognise the need for permanent change and have shown wide commitment to British Airways during this difficult year. Their relationship with Iberia is very strong and they have now signed a mergeragreement that they know pull up stakes bring real benefits to their respective clients and portionholders and protect the brands of the dickens airlines. If remaining technicalities are successfully dealt with, as they fully expect, the merger should be concluded by the end of 2010. Similarly, all the signs are that they can win anti-trust immunity from the THEM department of Transportation along with regulatory approval from the EU competition authorities, to lock in a joint business with American Airlines and Iberia over the North Atlantic. When in place they impart be able to operate on twin terms with Skyteam and S tar Alliance that already enjoy immunity. Their agreement go forth mean more competition not less, and prominenter choice for travelers on these busy routes. Finally, they are progressing with negotiations to agree a way to fund their 3.7 billion pension deficits that satisfies the Trustees and meets their requirement that they will not have to increase their section to the schemes in the short term. Whilst the valuation has been agreed with the Trustees, it is currently under look back by the Pensions Regulator. If they can keep the schemes open for existing members it will be a significant achievement and one that has eluded many other businesses in recent years. I hope you can see how huge an agenda of change they have tackled. In that sense, 2009/10 was a year of great achievement.Financial resultsTheir progress is all the more remarkable at a time when all their principal business customers changed their travel oliciesat the resembling time, turning their back on premium shorthaul travel and reducing their revenues by 1 billion. Against that backdrop, they eternizeed another year of heavy losses in their business. They recorded their biggest ever half(prenominal) year loss of 292 million. Early and far-r to each oneing action on costs began to show through in the second half of the year and they were even able to post a small in operation(p) profit in the third quarter. For the year as a hearty their pre-tax losses stood at 531 million compared with a loss of 401 million in the preceding year. They cannot afford to lose sight of the scale of their losses in the last two years, even though they came on the back of record profits in 2007/08. Their business simply will not belong long term unless they stop losing money on this scale.Dividends and executive acquitThe programme of change they are pursuing in the business is all about making sure they have the resources to deliver outstanding service to their customers, secure and rewarding employme nt to their staff and strong returns to their shareholders. Given the press out of their market they have frozen pass on across the airline for two years. They have once again decided it would be inappropriate to pay a dividend or executive or staff cash bonuses. node focusTheir chief(a) focthem must remain on their customers no effect how severe the economic conditions they face. The customer is at the very heart of their plans to come along an cost-efficient globose premium airline and to achieve lasting and sustainable profitability for this business. During the year, they continued to outperform in their punctuality wads, not just at Terminal 5, but across the network. Maintaining that record has involved many magnificent work by hatful office across the business and they take immense pride in their achievements. Their customer service scores remain strong despitesignificant operational disruption.An industry in transitionConsolidation will be a growing written repor t for their industry for the foreseeable future and they are pleased with their ownprogress in building new partnerships and alliances. But progress on liberalising the worldwide industry remains painfully slow, nowhere more so than in the recent protracted Open Skies negotiations between the THEM and Europe. They had hoped that the conclusion of the EU-THEM second full stop negotiations would have resulted in the immediate removal of THEM restrictions on ownership and admit and the protectionist Fly America policy. Unfortunately, instead of the ambitious agreement that had been promised by both sides that would have acted as a template for further global repose across other trading blocs, they have ended up with an agreement that fails to deliver a truly open market for airmanship. This represents a helpless opportunity to create a healthier and more efficient industry for the future. Indeed, the only hope for progress may lie in wretched the issue to a more powerful arena su ch(prenominal) as the Trans Atlantic Economic Council where Europe could offer wider trade concessions, in sectors such as agriculture, in return for progress on air transport. These confining ownership and control requirements that prevent cross-border airline mergers, need to be consigned to the history books and fast. Only then will they see the true benefits that normalisation of the industry can achieve as is already the case with other sectors of the global economy.Climate changeAs a company they have led the way in searching for real and radical ways to tackle climate change. Not only have they set ourselves industry-leading targets to cut their own emissions, they are also strong advocates of carbon trading and believe aviation should be part of a global emissions trading scheme. The Climate Change Summit in Copenhagen in December presented the industry with an ideal opportunity to come together and make this a reality. For many reasons the outcome from the flush was dis appointing not least as no reference was do to the airline industry. However, it is clear the governments of the world recognise the airline industry is winning a responsible position and is indeed ahead of its regulators in absent to tackle climate change. The industry continues to work closely together to turn out and promote its position. Its now down to the regulators and Governments to show commitment to the industry and to go forth them to play their full part in contributing to the global reduction in greenhouse gas emissions.Economic outlookThe worst of the recession seems to be over. Unemployment in the UK, for example, seems to have peaked and at lower levels than had been feared. In their own business, February saw them record the first increase in premium traffic since August 2008. But convalescence is precariothem and it would be foolish to fall they are out of the woods yet. The new UK Government will be forced to make near very unpopular endings in the weeks and months ahead. Tackling the deficit remains the biggest priority. The new coalition Government plans to make immediate cuts in the deficit, they believe this threatens real dangers, not least that increased taxes and hasty outgo cuts could throttle consumer confidence and trigger a double dip recession. It is rattling that the UK develops a credible, measured plan to reduce thedeficit, spelling out the reductions that are needed and the measurecale in which they will be achieved. With election grandstanding now out of the way, this must be a priority for the new administration.A tremendothem causal agentIts been an immensely difficult year for my colleagues across the business and I neediness to thank them for the tremendous work they have done. The spirit theyve shown in financial support the business through one of its most difficult periods has been unbelievable. Its involved a lot of hard work and considerable personal sacrifices.Their prospectsTheir own recovery depends very much on how fast the general economy returns to growth. They remain cautiothem on that. They expect the climb out of recession to be a relatively slow one. However, I am convinced that the work they have done over the last 18 months to restructure their cost base and the progress they have made on the challenges they faced at the fuck off of 2009/10, mean they are a far more resilient business today. That means they can be confident about surviving through further economic uncertainty. More importantly, it means they will be in a position to achieve higher(prenominal) levels of sustainable profitability when conditions improve. That is very good news for their customers, their staff and their shareholders.Approaches for the variothem challenges faced by the British Airways whizz of the significant ways to identify one airline from another is in terms of the quality of its decisions. They use operational systems to run the business and business intelligence, delivered by Busi ness Objects interrogation and reporting tools, to manage it.British Airways Improves guest Relationship Management and Maximises Revenues with Information Delivered by Business ObjectsThe airline market is fiercely competitive with strong demand for lucrative business traveller routes due to capacity restrictions at major European airports and low cost entrants offering cheaper flights for the leisure passenger. Leading UK airline British Airways, is underpinning its strategic operations with business intelligence (BI) delivered by Business Objects solutions. British Airways use BUSINESSOBJECTS, the structured query, reporting and online analytical processing tool (OLAP) to access, analyse and share teaching stored in British Airways data warehouse. British Airways is also currently in the process of extending the decision making process worldwide via WEBINTELLIGENCE, the internet BI solution from Business Objects.Strategic Decision MakingBritish Airways is one of the worlds mo st successful airlines, carrying over 48 million passengers a year. spear Blundell, Knowledge Strategy Manager, British Airways, says One of the significant ways to distinguish one airline from another is in terms of the quality of its decisions. They use operational systems to run the business and business intelligence, delivered by Business Objects query and reporting tools, to manage it.BUSINESS OBJECTS is used throughout British Airways, with slews of applications taking data from a central data warehouse. These cover all aspects of the business from CRM applications supporting the frequent flyer programme, through stick out foc victimisation and revenue analysis to catering supply chain management. Blundell explains, With BUSINESS OBJECTS they have been able to provide any line manager with the capability to mensurate relevant business information without requiring an army of data specialists.British Airways primary challenge is to make the airline as a whole and each rou te profitable. This is complicated since the company is unable to change product offerings very quickly. With the capacity restrictions in many airports, routes have to be negotiated and published some six months in advance. BUSINESS OBJECTS supports their long term planning, analysing the number of flights per day, routes and aircraft types that are most appropriate, says Blundell. This drives their negotiation for capacity constrained routes.Maximising Yield all airline has to achieve a balance between availability of higher priced business seats and filling the flight with cheaper leisure fares. British Airways is using BUSINESS OBJECTS to analyse customer behavitheir and flight sales to maximize yield on each route. The business and leisure traveller have very different needs, with the business traveller tone for frequency of flights, punctuality and good customer service, while the leisure traveller is looking for value for money. client service also provides an area of differ entiation. British Airways promotional activity tailors offers base on customer preferences and travel history. The costs the market will afford are different on each route, at different times of the day and week and depend on the level of competition on that route. BUSINESSOBJECTSenables them to better understand booking and customer profiles and use that information to maximise yield on each flight by creating the right promotional offer to each customer group.British Airways Leads Punctuality League ii of the most successful BUSINESS OBJECTS applications have addressed punctuality and luggage handling. Analysing sources of delay, by type, route and reason has enabled British Airways to significantly improve its position in the punctuality league of European airlines. For business passengers, punctuality and efficient baggage handling are critical factors that drive the choice of airline. British Airways wanted to improve its punctuality and BUSINESS OBJECTS was part of that so lution. By analysing any problems with BUSINESS OBJECTS they have give out one of the top rated European airlines for punctuality. A similar analysis using BUSINESS OBJECTS to look at baggage handling enabled the company to highlight reasons for baggage failing to connect with the right flight. While there was time for passengers to make the connection it was not forever possible for their luggage to make the same journey. They have overcome that problem and significantly improved our baggage handling as a result, says Blundell. oecumenical Business IntelligenceHaving created a business intelligence infrastructure that is underpinning decision making throughout the British Airways head office, the company is now looking to broaden its user base from one thousand to potentially ten thousand worldwide via its intranet. Blundell explains, They plan to use Business ObjectsWEBINTELLIGENCE internet BI solution to deliver the business intelligence functionality they have developedto airp orts and offices around the world. By leveraging the intranet and WEBINTELLIGENCE, they can deliver keybusiness information in a cost effective manner.Using WEBINTELLIGENCE, British Airways will be able to provide local anaesthetic managers with secure access to the localinformation pertinent to their operation, underpinning the drive to maximise revenue and market share and minimise costs across specific routes. Blundell explains, British Airways business goal is to broaden the decision making ability by providing pertinent information. Empowering people to make decisions on behalf of the company leads to better customer relationships. By making information available via the intranet they can ensure improved consistent customer service worldwide.By analysing any problems with BUSINESS OBJECTS e have become one of the top rated European airlines for punctuality.ConclusionBritish Airways remains guardedly optimistic about its future prospects. However, it iscertain that considerab ly more work lies ahead if the airline is to succeed. The FSASplan incorporated by BA resulted in considerable cost savings, and divestments alsoraised funds to pay off debt. The goal of the FSAS plan was to achieve a 10%operating brink and hence more recent cost cuts and job loses have been made byWillie Walsh order to accomplish this.

Case Study Johnson Johnson Marketing Essay

Case Study Johnson Johnson grocery store placeing EssayJohnson Johnson Consumer harvest-times contri more everywhereion is one of the leading fast moving consumer goods manufacturers in India. It is in like manner among the rough consistent and winning enterprises not just in the JJ world-wide group of companies, but also in India. Johnson Johnson Consumer Products division has been souring steadily over the conk declination out few historic period, and is one of the few companies in the Indian securities industry to grow at extremely healthy levels. Johnson and magicson is the world nigh comprehensive and gener each(prenominal)y based manufacturer of health circumspection ingathering and service for the consumer pharmaceutic and medical and nosology trade. The Consumer Products Division owes its success to the strength of its inciters, and the loyalty they screw from consumers, a material sense of set driven from the Credo, and an surroundings, which se ts the toughest standards of leadership.OverviewJohnson and johnson founded in 1886 as a supplier of health c atomic number 18 out emersion in open(a) securities industry place.The head quatered of John son and john son in radical(a) B accordswick ,NjThe bon ton sell more than 175 fruit in 57 countries in the world .In 2003 the sale of Johnson and johnson were 4.19billion dollar.John son and john son pay off 110,600 employers over the world .More than US280billion pa philonthrapy. field leading heath c ar supplierPRODUCTS OF JOHNSON JOHNSONAveeno ageless vitalityAveeno ingest + hair collectionAveeno nourish + style collectionAveeno hydrarting body disinfectJohnson indispensable baby lotionJohnson natural baby shampooJohnson natural head to toe foaming body washListerine total c beNeosprine lip healthNeutrogena men sensitive skinNeutrogena sore love bite gelNeutrogena skin clearing mineral powderNeutrogena advanced sun block lotionRoc brilliance day rejuvenatingRoc brilliance eye beautifier strip down crystal all natural sweetnerCOMPETETORS OF JOHNSON JOHNSONABBOTT LABSLILLY ELI CONOVARTIS A G revenue stamp ANALYSISPOLITICAL LEGALJohnson Johnson operates in both positive and maturation countries worldwide where the political situation in these countries is stable and elevates more Investments. too legislations in these countries favours free trade economy with no government intervention.stintingWith the introduction of the atomic number 63an Union and single currency the whole European commercialise has been trans get toed to a single commercialize hence increase the mart for Johnson Johnson point of intersections.Also inflation and exchange rates in most of the countries has been stable hence not pushing the prices of reapings or all rising Investments.SOCIOLOGICAL overdue to recent developments people around the world form changed from apply natural nutrition point of intersections to the put on of genetic modified fo od products or to special types of foUnilever has tried to cope with all the changes that government issue rank in the modern world.TECHNOLOGICALThe objective of Johnson Johnson is not save to maximize the wealth of its owners but also to carry the aspirations of its customers and to respond creatively and combatively with mark products and services that raise the quantity of life.Johnson Johnson put practically emphasis on research and development, modern technologies and launching of modified products so as action its stakeholdersSWOT ANALYSIS Johnson JohnsonStrengthsWorldwide sales have grown 14% indicating a strong stick for the global group.The hassle model adapted by Johnson and Johnson fundamentally uses the adaptation of entrepreneurial evaluates in show to retain an edge indoors the market place. running(a) with intensive scientific notions Johnson and Johnson utilise a varied expanse of problem solving techniques in order to challenge the standard practice and render on process finished emerging markets which enables associated development.The use of independent offices workings as standalone building blocks provides the luck to develop concepts with cultural considerations which faeces prove of the essence(predicate) when taking a product to global markets.WeaknessesThere is change magnitude ram within pharmaceutical markets to reduce prices in line with medical budgets and suffer patent expirations to ensure generic programmes argon updated within critical cart track movements.Challenges have been faced within Johnson and Johnson where a reduction in the market demand for key products has been identified some of these products were branded and have been replaced by generic programmes at the end of patent time lines.Internal flunk across the industry and not isolated to Johnson and Johnson would be the level of stealing and counterfeiting of drugs managed through internal personnel.OpportunityWhilst the recent acquisit ion of Pfizer Consumer Health supervise result act as an opportunity in its own right to supercharge growth for the brass section through alternative routes there is the added tax upper-case letterised through the return on investment which rejoin be realised 12 months before plan releasing funds back into the bottom line.Johnson and Johnson have utmostlighted revolutionary developments in pharma products with v undergoing regulatory review which provides the opportunity to grow the existing product portfolio.Development into invigorated functions of medical devices and diagnostics leave provide rude(a) markets to entry which will result in vocation growth.With the development of WTO rules to prevent the availability of cheap generic drugs there is the opportunity to reduce the level of lost profit due to generic introduction as patents run out. Whilst this will aid Johnson and Johnson where they own the brand where they atomic number 18 looking to jacket crownise on introducing generic drugs to market this opinion will aim a hindrance. flagellumsGenerally within the main pharmaceutical companies there is a soaring level of competition for the generics markets where patents finish and it is the counterbalance to entry where success will generally be de confinesined.Technological developments with bio-tech concepts will potentially move the traditional pharmaceutical methods out of the market place in the long term although there is an economical argument that this form of development can be segregated to run alongside traditional methods and complement as opposed to replace.FINANCIAL ANALYSISThe assessment of the monetary postal service of the firm constitutes an important aspect of the internal analysis which must(prenominal)iness be carried out to determine the strengths and weaknesses of the organisation .It is important to carry out a monetary consummation of the corporation Johnson Johnson. because the financial appraisal will indicate the extent to which the firm is fancying some of its key objectives and also help management to direct operations and crystalize decisions in ship canal which will achieve or fulfil the overall corporation objectives.deuce categories of financial performance measures are commonly apply and these can be based on absolute values, which measure profitability and those based on relative form of return on investment or capital employed. lucrativenessBusinesses come into being with the primary purpose of creating wealth for their owners. Profitability measures indicate how pitchively the total firm is being managed and in many an(prenominal) ways constitute the most important aspect. Profit is widely used as an absolute measure of profitability and provides a means by which a corporation can be compared with another in the selfsame(prenominal) industry e.g. Novartis or the same play along over disparate quantify of period.Net profit marginThis ratio relates the net prof it of the strain to the sales handd for the sales period. Net profit represents the difference between sales, the comprise of sales and the operating expenses used to generate that profit.Year ofOperation20022001200019991998 gross sales48,27051,51447,58240,97740,437Net Profit2,1291,8381,1052,7712,944Net ProfitMargin in %4.43.62.36.87.3We can see the profit ratio was up in early years but due to intensive competition and stark naked product innovations it started falling. crying(a) ProfitYear ofOperation20022001200019991998Sales48,27051,51447,58240,97740,437 sodding(a) Profit5,0415,1743,1814,3034,410Gross ProfitMargin in %10.41071011The gross profit margin indicates that the gross profit is stable over the cardinal years under consideration at 10% at the most is a favourable trend.LiquidityIn analysing the runniness position we want to know whether Johnson Johnson is able to meet its short-term obligations as and when they fall due.Year ofOperation20022001200019991998Current A ssets16,20917,67820,08625,40721,601Current Liabilities20,60223,21228,36412,13417,970Liquidity Ratio111.1112121From the abandoned figures we can see that Johnson Johnson have a sound liquidity position of 11 meaning the corporation is able to meet its short-term obligations from its authentic assets without having to raise finance by borrowing, issuing shares or selling fixed assets which is a favourable trend.20022001200019991998Price Earning Ratio21%21%11%31%41%The price-earning ratio is generally good at 31 it shows that the corporation is held in high esteem in the market20022001200019991998Dividend top24411838132029723088The divided cover compares the amount of profit earned per ordinary share, which is 2441 in 2002, is good compared to the previous years.20022001200019991998Efficiency21.741.632.653.30The company is being operated expeditiously in order to generate sales.Finally Johnson Johnson is financially sound and a going concern that is able to take up any challenges. plentyValue and suffering prices as hallmark of developmentMission statementFor best tint and best price.COMPETITOR PROFILE ANALYSISThe five forces analysis will aim to tell the key forces, which will affect the level of competition in food, home and personal care where Johnson Johnson operates.The five forces FrameworkPotential entrantsThreat ofEntrants (Low)SuppliersBargainingPower (Low)Competitive contestation (High)NorvatisNestleKraft FoodDanoneSainsburytag SpenserBuyersBargainingPower (low)Threat ofSubstitutes (High)SubstitutesThreat from new entrants (Low)Home and personal care requires high capital investment in order to enter market and Johnson Johnson have build up experience and distribution channels to compete effectively in the industry. Currently Johnson Johnson is operating in 100 countries and is able to tailor its products to the different markets and anticipate customers demand.Most of its products like Baby care products are market leaders.Threat of Subst itutes (high)There are so many competitors in consumer goods industry. there is a great competition among these consumers. So there is a substation effect which is very high.Bargaining power of Suppliers (low)Johnson Johnson is a very big and strong business entity, which cannot be considerably influenced or forced in its decisions by suppliers, as it is not dependent on one supplier. As declared in the case Johnson Johnson has no problem with supply of raw materials as is able to operate in 100 markets with a variety of products without run short of raw materials.Bargaining power of Buyers. (High)Customers especially in European market frequently limit on demanding more new products, develop features and great variety at acceptable prices. This has forced Johnson Johnson to develop new products.there are so many competitors prevailing in the consumer goods industry. So the dicker power of buyers is very high.Competition (High)Johnson Johnson main competitors are unilever PG etc. Due to this Johnson Johnson was under restructuring programmeCompetitors are producing the same products as Johnson Johnson, hence transmit competition in the market.ANALYSIS OF THE market MIX OF JOHNSON JOHNSONWeldon was a hold of merchandise, which was then to the advantage of the monolith JJ. The following discussions will analyze the capability of JJ using the merchandising flick to maximize the profits gained by the said company under the headship of Weldon. II. merchandiseing PointsA. ProductBased on the article of (2003) Johnson Johnson was a company who dwell in innovation and new products. This shows that the company has a commercial advantage against its competitors. Not only does it have a perceptible brand, it also offers products which the public identify with them. This is possible because they have identified themselves with the product. A good example of this would be their treatment of the drug, Procrit. B. PlaceAlong with the notable products of th e company, it also shows how effectively they make these accessible to the public. In the case of their product Band aid, they muged hospitals by making it more scientific through the improvements make by their research and design department. The product was made liquid and thus accessible for hospitals as wound closing agents. Another product was also made accessible to the public. Their product, Nizoral, was formerly an antifungal treatment targeted for hospital use was transformed to commonplace merchandise, shampoo. This shows the tenacity of the company to offer the public their products and in the same time expand their market. C. PromotionThe promotion of the products of JJ, the company takes on the persuasive craftsmanship of Weldon to the public. The article indicates that Weldon does impose rather challenging tasks to his executives. These tasks are expected to be successful at the first attempt that some of the executives even consider it impossible. Nevertheless, the pr essure provided by Weldon has been considerably effective given the performance of JJ in his reign. The competitive compulsion that has enveloped the company through Weldon has helped meliorate consciousness and creates a positive image towards the products offered by the company.D. Price ahead of time on in the article, the discussions have presented that JJ have offered the public with low-cost and considerably affordable products in the market. This doesnt only make their product known to the legal age of the public, but also the choice of many buyers. The good thing about JJs recognizable brand learn is that the buying public tends to trust their products. In this manner, this part of the marketing amalgamate tends to contribute largely to the rest of the determinants of product choice. Johnson Johnson as one of the most influential companies in the commercial sector. nonpareil could learn largely on the situations of JJ. It shows that a firm leader could do wonders for th e company. Weldon was cognizant of both internal and external elements that affect the overall environment of the company. In this manner, he was able to use these to his advantage. Knowing what deals to be done for product has greatly influenced how he became aware on how these are going to be carried out. More important than the effective implementation of the marketing mix, the proper communication within the brass instrument is required. Along with the strong leader, the need of a healthy interaction within the ranks presents not only an opportunity to develop but also, as seen in the case of JJ, to essentially make seemingly impossibly demanding tasks into measured ones.BCG MatrixThe Boston Consultative conclave BCG Matrix is a Portfolio strategic analysis tool. It evaluates the portfolio of strategic business unit or markets according to their performance and groups them as Stars, Cash Cows, Question Marks or Dogs. The matrix is a market share market growth matrix.Companie s must develop new businesses but also must cautiously prune, harvest or divest tired old businesses in order to release resources and reduce cost. In the case of Johnson Johnson, we are going to crumple the portfolio of the business based on BCG matrix, examine the relationship between market share and market growth of the different business units.BCG MATRIX FOR PRODUCTS grocery store SharegrowthHighlowHighStarsBest foodsFrozenMarket suppurationQuestion MarksDeodorantsAnti- PrespirantCash cowsKnorrFloraDogs cut down FastSTARS (High market share, high market growth)As we have seen in the question mark businesses, there are brands within the business units that are performing well and if the question attach are successful they become stars.In home and personal care, products for cleansing, deodorant and antiperspirant under the brands of Axe sixty Ponds, Rexona, CIF, comfort, Domesto, Omo, Skip and Snuggle have a good share of the emergence market. However, Johnson Johnson whi tethorn have to spend substantial funds for its stars to keep up with high market growth and fight off the competitors overtures as a leader in these core brands.CASH COWS (Low market share, high market growth)Johnson Johnson does not have to invest heavily on marketing or to finance capacity elaboration, as the growth is low and market conditions more stable. As these business units are market leaders, they enjoy economies of cuticle and higher profit margin. Johnson Johnson should use these cash cow businesses to support the dawdle ones that drive down the profit of the company.QUESTION MARKS (High market share, low market growth)Question MarksAccording to our matrix question marks are operating in a growing market without high market share. Johnson Johnson is categorized as question marks.Therefore it can be noticed that not the whole divisions are under performing, as a result Johnson Johnson call for to invest more in these business units to keep up with the fast growin g market because they are already successful but need better performance.DOGS (Low market share, low market growth).With a weak market share in low growth market, they may be considered as dogs. As consumers started questioning the effectiveness of products and turning to alternatives. varianceMarket segmentation is the process of taking a heterogeneous market and breaking it into smaller homogenous groups where all members have similar needs and respond similarly to a set of marketing efforts. Once the market has been segmented, the organization selects the segments to be served (known as target markets).Targeting.Johnson Johnson target households for home care products, health care products, personal care products for the people who are hygienics concious. Prices are generally set for middle class people, who can easily afford it.PositioningDetermine fix. A market position is developed for the product so that the target will clearly know where the product stands in relation to the competition, as well as other products marketed by the organization.Johnson Johnson have positioned themselves as home and personal care producers.Product positioning is how a product is positioned in the mind of the consumer. Positioning begins with finding a difference in the product that is worth establishing to the extent that it is important, straightforwardive, superior, communicable, pre-emptive, affordable, and profitable.Johnson Johnson have position their products-High Quality and good priceJohnson Johnson products are positioned as good value products but are slowing threat faced by Johnson Johnson derivative advantage refers to any feature of a product or organization perceived by customers to be desirable and different from the competition. An organization uses its resources and capitalizes on them to obtain a differential advantage by fling unusual products.CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTORSCritical Success Factors are factors upon which the success of the business is dependant. Johnson Johnson attend to these factors to ensure success.Ability to tailor products according to different market and anticipate customer demandsUnderstanding in depth of the countries in which Johnson Johnson operates form _or_ system of government of listening to customers.Producing different clasp of products to match the diversity of its consumersIncreased advert budget and interaction with advertising agencies.CORPORATE OBJECTIVESYet one of Johnson Johnson s major and most important objective was anticipating the aspirations of consumers and customers and responding creatively and competitively with branded products and services which raise the quality of life In crease customisation to local anesthetic national taste by establishing additional brand names.Regain Market Leadership with 5 years.Regain Stockholder confidenceInternationalise anxietyMarketing Mission StatementTo provide the best quality products and usefulness to the customer and be the market l eaders in the retail industry.MARKETING OBJECTIVESJohnson Johnson, consumer goods manufacturer has these main marketing objectivesTo create sustainable, profitable growth and value for shareholders and employees by improving profits by 10%.To improve performance of the lagging businessesTo boost sales and margin through its path to growth system by 10%To increase market share and honour leadership of its core brands by creating customer loyalty.To tailor products to different markets and anticipate consumer demand through research and development-innovation.OTHER MARKETING STRATEGIESGROWTH STRATEGIESGrowth Vector AnalysisExisting ProductImproved product (new, changed) sore ProductOptionsExisting marketMarket PenetrationProduct variants or product differentiationProduct line extensionMarket expansionMarket segmentationMarket-Product segmentation-New product development-Market development-Existing sharpnessNew MarketMarket developmentDiversificationConglomerate variegationAlternat ivesThe most suitable strategies of meeting the Marketing objectives stated above areMarket PenetrationA market penetration strategy suggests that growth is possible by achieving a deeper penetration (sell more) of its present product within a present market. An organization could sell more of its current product(s) to its current customers, attract competitors customers, or convince non-users to begin using the product, thereby increasing its existing market share. Another growth alternative is to try and identify new markets for its present products.Johnson Johnson should sell more of the existing Products in Asia, Europe and North America.Product Line ExtensionThrough a product line extension strategy, an organization might create an augmented product in order to stimulate the current markets and create new ones.Unilever must quickly start pursuing this strategy as its current products are falling out of favour with the consumer and should fall out this further.Market Developme ntBy employing a market development strategy, an organization might identify new markets for its product by determining potential user groups for its current products, seeking additional distribution channels in its present locations, or offering its product for sale in new geographic locations, either domesticated or international. Another alternative is to develop new products for an existing target market.Ford has the opportunity to develop a very profitable market in Africa and the pacific region in particular the former land countries that readily identify with anything British..New Product Development New Product development in existing Boundaries. Entirely new products can be developed taking into consideration customer tastes and preferences. This will enhance competitive advantage and keep competition at bay.Johnson Johnson must use a combination of these strategies to achieve best result in market growth and be able to compete effectively in the industry.COMPETITIVE ST RATEGIES concentrate DifferentiationThis occurs when the company a range of clearly differentiated products which spell to different segments of the market. This will be the most suitable strategy to pursue due to the companies reputation of quality, value and service. It will also be congruous with the core aspirations of the company.Cost Leadership- (problem solution)Although Johnson Johnson has not competed on cost in the market it must try to cut costs because it is currently under attack from its competitors on both quality and cost of products. Therefore it must be seen to be challenging the competition not only on the quality of the products but also on the cost.MARKETING MIX STRATEGIESMarketing mix strategiesThe marketing mix is the means used by the marketer to satisfy customers.Product policies- new product development brand developmentstigmatisation family, corporate branding. mark is part of the actual product and is a major issue in overall product strategy. Brand ing is used to give products unique identities and helps the marketer to differentiate their product from those of competitors use a tool.Branding Strategy Family branding this involves using a brand image and name for a range of products.Corporate branding this means that a company uses its own company name as a brand for its products. several(prenominal) branding this means that each product is given a distinct name and image by a company.Johnson Johnson must use this strategy because the brand name is well established, launch costs of new products may be low and brand loyal customers are more promising to try the branded new productsNew Product Development An organisation that wishes to survive long term, must invest in new product development (NPD). Always, all products eventually reach the decline stage of the PLC. Without new products an organisations sales will eventually become non-existent and Customers will seek competitors products. Additionally, by introducing new and innovative products to the market place first, an organisation may generate customer loyalty and maintain its market share as the market grows. NPD is costly and can be a long process. If a new product fails, a company may make huge financial losses and the ensuring bad publicity can be detrimental. The NPD process helps to minimise the risk of failure. Johnson Johnson must heavily invest in this strategy of new product development.Promotion policiesPromotion is more than just advertising. It includes almost any form of communication that a company has with its customers.Indeed, it includes communication with stakeholders, suppliers, intermediaries and the general public. The range of parties that a company promotes to is known as the target audience.Promotion strategies and the communities mixWhen a company is pursuing a pull strategy, it promotes its products to the final customers to encourage them to buy. They are encouraged to demand the product from intermediaries.Place pol iciesPlace is the term used in the marketing mix to mean distribution. distribution involves all the activities necessary in getting a product to a customer.Distribution can be looked from two perspectives channels of distribution and physical distribution. distribution channel of distribution refer to the organisations involved (distributors, wholesalers, retailer, agents). Physical distribution refers to the physical transportation, handling and storage of products necessary to make products available to customers.

The Significance Of Social Work Social Work Essay

The Signifi bumce Of comfortably-disposed exertion well-disposed Work EssayThe purpose of this essay clarifies morality and value and how fundamental they be within companionable prep atomic number 18 employ. How relevant they atomic number 18 in modern day practice in addition raises concerns regards to master copys and ain value and moral philosophy. Highlights serious case reviews and how they link into legislation and policies, and the difficulties with anti- oppression and anti- disagreement in copulation to welfargon benefit cuts and the economic climate. This assay highlights the BASW and HPCC formula of moralsMacmillan (2010) what atomic number 18 moral philosophy? Ethics be somebodies beliefs, principles and morals that argon important to them and propose a set of standards and value Oko 2010)) set argon the theory and how you value what is good and define our decision Ethics are the principle in which way we act.Theory behindProfessional moral philos ophy are led by set of guidelines and processes that adhere to standards of code and ethics are implemented. Maynard A Becket (2005) believes Values are used in galore(postnominal) forms, for example it could be financially in-person or cultural in relation back to faith and other religions. Values determined what we view as high priority and remain significant to your beliefsG. Reamer (2006) suggest sociable prune values and ethics obligate developed significantly e trulyplace the past few decades, acknowledging the importance of professional and personal values and ethics in relation to practice. During the 1960 values and ethic became core values of hearty work with growing interest towards diverse and complex issues. The National connector of Social Workers implementing a code of ethics.1970 saw a dramatic heighten in other professions such as nurses health and criminal legal expert on applying ethics to practice. Joyce E (2009) attitudes towards contemporary psychoan alysts practice and tender work acquire changed in relation to ethics and value, an appreciation of cultural inheritance are taken on board and therapy has been brought into the 21st century. Improvements in operative together with amicable work have been accomplished.Banks S ( in any case believes ethics and values have developed considerably and gain greater realisation with a global interest from various countries adopting the idea with new countries judge social work has a profession however some countries are a little slower in moving forward simply nevertheless taking on board and introducing ethics and values to practice. at that place is more opportunity than before to access literature and books in regards to ethics and values which makes it more obtainable, however equally feels there doesnt appear to be a great deal of information regarding ethics in relation to politics and anti-oppressive social work even though they are very much attached..Domineli L(2002).An ti-oppression can be seen in many forms and links into social work practice and values and ethics. Policies and legislation usually play a big part in welfare reforms for example cutting bolt d declare on benefits and welfare system this clearly impacts on the misfortunate marginalizing social exclusion. Individuals can often feel that they are a burden on society, especially people who are in receipt of benefits. The government can use destructive language aimed at the unemployed as well as influential through the media or public speeches their portrayed as scroungers and unworthy to society. This form of oppression needs to be addressed and challenged. Social workers are expected to stand up for human rights and promote equality.Gray.M,at et l (2012) believes Social workers are led by legislation and political dilemmas . statute and welfare reforms have impacted on public spending cuts which are taking place by the coalition government. Inequality happens when the government makes cuts to the call takeess assistances, and various other organizations and local communities, it divides the poor from rich and wealthy, this could be seen as injustice, grounds for oppression between individuals and social groups.Social worker forget need the skill and knowledge to underpin the vital importance of identifying their personal values from professional values in order to avoid poor practice and mistreatment. Forming opinions and concluding judgments based on your own assumptions and personal beliefs later understanding values and ethics is imperative. According to Benchin, A., Brown,(2000) Values are encompassed in our daily life and a set of beliefs that originate from different ground with expectations and ideas formed from the persons perspective, this can impact on the way we react or behave to various situation whence, recognizing personal beliefs and remaining open apt(p) and respecting people as individuals will help develop your practice and grasp a better outcome for the service user. However Macmillan (2010) believes in relation to practicality social workers struggle over moral dilemmas all the magazine and are led by regulation, making decision can be exceptionally difficult Maynard, A Beckett.,(2005) believes Indeed at times it whitethorn be difficult not to be subjective and base your own beliefs and values on decision making, as this is what makes us what we are. As a professional you may have suffered a similar problem to the service user, this could influence your decision in deciding what is best for the service user therefore affect your practice blurring the boundaries. In this particular case the social worker may fail to overlook the service users needs. There is no mode for judgmental practice in social work. Social workers should be professional and remain impartial to determine whats ethically right. It is important to disregard your own values and beliefs to enable social worker to practice suitably until now when it comes to the service user needs other factors should to be taken on board in the terms of their ethnicity as the service user may have afro hair or religious beliefs therefore the social worker has to respect the individual.Human Right Committee January (2012) BASW believe British connection of social work is fundamental document that highlights the code of practice and potently advises how social workers should practice. It refers to ethics and values as the main topic and enormously emphasizes the necessities for social work to represent the codes of practice. Due to the nature of the social work role it raises concerns regarding ethical issues that may well occur for a social worker, the code of ethics and values clearly states the importance of implementing ethics and values as a fundamental part of social work in order to promote and empower service users nevertheless social workers have a duty of billing and in some circumstances have no choice but to restrict someones freedom. Social workers are also faced with inadequate resources which impact on their duties .Higman, P (2006) it may be argued that the BASW is a set of standards in relation to confidentiality nevertheless conflicting as remaining completely confidential can be difficult for font there is easy access through the internet and admission to statuary meetings. It is almost impossible to remain confidential due the nature of operative in partner in crimeship and multiagency teams. Information sharing is important when legal obligations are in place in the terms of safe guarding issues nonetheless service user should to be informed at all times.According to health Care Professionals council (2012) HCPC is very prescriptive generic document in which it regulates Social workers and health profession it has the same guidelines as BASW regards to ethics and values in addition it provides guidance on how social worker should behave appropriately and questions professional cond uct outside of work which suggests integrity as prodigious part to play in all aspect of a social works life. Macmillan p (2010) believes Social workers struggle with moral dilemmas all the time with in their career, making decisions that are led by regulations and putting it into practice can be extremely difficult.Pattison,Roisin pill.(2004) states social worker should be responsible for their actions in many cases social workers have overacted and placed children in care without any evidence unfortunately failed to this in the Victoria cimbers case. Victoria died a tragic death in the hands of her great aunt Marie Kouao and partner Carl manning this, was damming report led by Lord Lamming. Victoria was let down by the police, several local authorities and health professionals. Ethics and values are apparent throughout Victoria case, assumptions were made towards Victorias ethnicity and cultural heritage highlights the dangers of overriding personal views and religious beliefs. The department of Health Lord lamming fib p116 within the report concluded a catalogue of errors. Social workers complained of drop of supervision and during supervision the social worker alleged the manager hash outed her own personal problems and talk about god unfolding her religious beliefs which churning the social worker therefore found it incredibly difficult to discuss important and difficult cases often failing to complete supervision so prioritizing personal and religious beliefs. supervision is imperative to social work.. .